Test

• What does biotic mean?

  The living organisms found in an area
• What does abiotic mean?

  The physical, non living environment, such as water, wind and oxygen
• What is renewable energy?

  Energy that comes from sources that can be reused or replenished and therefore will not run out
• What is non-renewable energy?

  Energy sources that, once they have been used, can never be used again
• What are the uses of water?

  -its a resource needed for people to survive

  -drinking

  -washing

  -producing manufactured goods
• How is water exploited?

  Over extraction= water is used in large amounts for crops and urban use which depletes water supply

  
  

  Water pollution= agricultural runoff including excess fertilisers and pesticides and industrial waste goes into the water
• What are changes to the environment due to water exploitation?

  Water is being used faster then it can be replaced by rain=

  -causes problems for plants and animals

  -could cause a decrease in biodiversity

  
  

  Water pollution=

  -causes a decrease in the quality of water used for human consumption
• How is food exploited?

  Overgrazing= livestock graze a piece of land too much, removing vegetation faster than it can regenerate

  
  

  Overfishing= fishing fish from water at a rate faster than the population can replenish leading to lower fish numbers
• What are changes to the environment due to food exploitation?

  Overgrazing=

  -soil erosion occurs because its left exposed to the weather leading the soil to be eroded by the rain and wind

  
  

  Overfishing=

  -reduction in biodiversity in the oceans and changes in the number of fish species impact the whole ecosystem
• What are the uses of energy?

  -transportation= fuel for vehicles (diesel and petrol)

  -generating electricity= used to power homes and run machinery

  -heating= energy is used to heat homes and offices
• How is energy exploited?

  Overconsumption= people consume more energy then necessary and lead to depletion of resources
• What are changes to the environment due to energy exploitation?

  Accidents while abstracting= oil spills and gas leaks can harm marine and land ecosystems

  
  

  Land degradation= coal mining destroys landscapes

  
  

  Climate change= extracting and burning fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases leading to climate change
• What are the global patterns of forestry?

  -concentrated in certain areas

  -Canada, Brazil and the USA produce at least five percent of the world's wood production

  -tropical rainforest found in equatorial regions (example south-east asia)

  -coniferous forests found in northern US and central Russia
• What are the global patterns of fossil fuels?

  -The countries that have the most oil reserves are Venezuela, Saudi Arabia and Canada

  -The countries with the highest gas reserves are Russia, Iran and Qatar.

  -The largest coal reserves are found in USA, Russia and China
• What are the global patterns of water supply?

  -Some countries have built expensive water transfer schemes due to limited water supply where majority of people live.

  -North Africa, Central Asia, India and China suffer from water shortages.

  -The Americas and Russia have a water surplus.
• What are the global patterns of rocks and minerals?

  -Rock types are unevenly distributed across Earth and -Sedimentary rock is the most common.

  -Iron Ore is found on all continents, except Africa

  -Diamonds have only been found in Sub-Saharan Africa, Russia and Australia, but have not yet been discovered on other continents.
• What are the global patterns of soils?

  -type of soil relates to the climate and vegetation of the area

  -most fertile soils (Chernozems and Brown Earth Soils) are found in temperate latitudes and with areas of high agriculture production

  -soil are less fertile at the extreme north and south and in the desert biomes
• What are the UK patterns of soil and agriculture?

  -varied soils many of which are very fertile

  -mostly common type of soil is Brown Earth Soils which allows for arable farming

  -upland areas are only suitable for pastoral farming of animals
• What are the UK patterns of forestry?

  -wood are mainly found in north and west of the UK where climate and soils are less suited to agriculture.

  -forestry commission has stop mass deforestation for occurring

  -takes up approximately 2.5 per cent of the British economy
• What are the UK patterns of water?

  -high rainfall but it doesn't fall in areas of high population density

  -the south east suffers from water shortages in the summer when demand is high
• What are the UK patterns of fossil fuels?

  -fossil fuels including coal, oil and gas have been found in the UK

  -coal is found in South Wales, the Midlands and the Durham coal fields

  -offshore oil and gas has been found recently and exploited in the North Sea.
• What are the UK patterns of Rocks and minerals?

  -UK is dominated by sedimentary rock in the South and Igneous and Metamorphic rock in the North and Scotland

  -UK has a variety of minerals including construction minerals and industrial minerals
• percentage coal


  30%
• percentage gas


  30%
• percentage nuclear


  19%
• percentage renewable


  19.%
• most used renewable


  wind (9.5%)
• What are the global patterns for food consumption?

  -highest levels of food consumption are developed countries (Europe)

  -lowest levels of food consumption are developing countries (Sub-Saharan Africa)
• What are the global patterns for energy usage?

  The amount of energy depends on

  -how developed the country is

  =developed countries have a higher demand for energy

  =developing countries have a lower demand for energy

  =emerging countries use it to power their developing industries
• What are the global patterns for water usage?

  - the more developed a countries is the more safe drinking water it has

  -the amount of fresh water differs due to precipitation

  -increase in demand from developing and emerging countries because they are using it in manufacturing industry
• What are the advantages of coal?

  Large world reserves which are easily accessible

  
  

  Cheap/easy to mine due to improved technology

  
  

  Easy to convert into energy

  
  

  Efficient

  
  

  It is easy to produce energy from

  
  

  Reliable

  
  

  Can be stored safely
• What are the disadvantage of coal?

  Releases CO2 one of the main greenhouse gases

  
  

  Releases SO2 which leads to acid rain

  
  

  mines destroy habitats

  
  

  Mining accidents

  
  

  Air pollution
• What are the advantages of wind energy?

  No greenhouse gas emissions

  
  

  No air pollution

  
  

  Can be small or large scale

  
  

  Cheap to run

  
  

  Can be on land or offshore
• What are the disadvantages of wind energy?

  Not reliable only works when the wind is strong enough but not too strong

  
  

  Visual pollution

  
  

  Noise pollution

  
  

  Many turbines (233) are needed to produce the same energy as an average coal-fired power station

  
  

  May affect bird migration patterns or kill birds who fly into the moving blades
• What is energy mix determined by?

  Population

  Wealth

  Availability
• How does population determine energy mix?

  -lead to energy consumption increasing because

  = population is increasing

  = average use of energy is increasing for each person
• How does wealth determine energy mix?

  -wealthy countries will use more energy than poor countries

  -it will be able to provide energy required by its population

  -people in the country will earn enough money for electrical equipment
• How does availability of energy supplies determine energy mix?

  -if the country has plentiful supply of energy have it will high consumption

  -Saudi Arabia will mainly be reliant on oil
• How are the global energy mixes changing?

  Coal is being phased out

  Natural gas is being introduced

  Renewables are increasing and will become more significant after 2050
• Why has the global demand for energy changed over the past 100 years?

  -population growth

  -increased wealth

  -technological advances