The three states of matter

• The three states of matter can be represented by the particle model.
• The particle model explains the properties of substances in their different states, as well as changes of state.
• The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas.
• The particle model involves the arrangement and movement of the particles in a substance.
• A general term for a small piece of matter can be represented by small, solid spheres.
• The particle model describes the arrangement, movement and energy of particles in a substance.
• The capacity of a system to do work or the quantity required for mechanical work to take place is measured in joules (J).
• A man transfers 100 J of energy when moving a wheelbarrow.
• The particle model can be used to explain the physical properties of a substance.
• A physical property is a description of the appearance of a substance or how it acts without involving chemical reactions.
• State, melting point, conductivity, etc. of solids, liquids and gases are determined by the particle arrangement and movement.
• The particles in the diagrams could be atoms, molecules, or ions.
• A single particle does not have the properties of the material it is part of.
• The properties of a substance are the properties of a huge number of particles together.
• Solids have a fixed shape and cannot flow, because their particles cannot move from place to place.
• Liquids flow and take the shape of their container, because their particles can move around each other.
• Gases flow and completely fill their container, because their particles can move quickly in all directions.
• Changes of state are a key aspect of bonding, structure and matter.
• Ionic compounds are a type of solid.
• Small molecules are a type of solid.
• Giant covalent molecules are a type of solid.
• Metals and alloys are a type of solid.