A03

• What is one strength of gender schema theory?

  Its key principles are supported by evidence
• What did Martin and Halverson's study find about children under 6?

  They remembered gender-appropriate behavior better
• How did children recall gender-inappropriate activities in the study?

  They changed the gender of the person
• How does Martin and Halverson's prediction differ from Kohlberg's?

  Martin and Halverson say under 6, Kohlberg says older
• What is one limitation of gender schema theory?

  Gender identity develops earlier than suggested
• What did Zosuls et al.'s study measure?

  When children labeled themselves as 'boy' or 'girl'
• At what average age did children label themselves in Zosuls et al.'s study?

  19 months
• What does Zosuls et al.'s finding suggest about children's gender identity?

  Children have gender identity before they communicate
• What is a counterpoint to the criticism of Martin and Halverson's theory?

  The ages are averages, not absolutes
• How does gender schema theory account for cultural differences?

  It explains how gender behavior is culturally transmitted
• What do traditional cultures typically believe about gender roles?

  Women should be nurturing, men should work
• How do children in societies with fluid gender boundaries acquire gender schemas?

  They develop more fluid gender schemas
• How does gender schema theory contrast with psychodynamic theory?

  Gender schema theory focuses on cultural influences