A01

• What does social learning theory (SLT) acknowledge about behavior?

  Behavior is learned from observing others
• How does SLT view the role of the environment in gender development?

  It emphasizes the influence of nurture
• Who are considered significant others in a child's life according to SLT?

  Parents, peers, and teachers
• What is differential reinforcement in the context of gender behavior?

  Encouragement for gender-appropriate behavior
• How might boys be reinforced for their behavior?

  By being encouraged to be active and assertive
• How might girls be rewarded for their behavior?

  By being praised for being gentle and passive
• What does a child learn through differential reinforcement?

  Their gender identity
• What type of reinforcement increases the likelihood of behavior repetition?

  Reinforcement that is direct or indirect
• What is indirect (vicarious) reinforcement?

  Imitating behavior based on others' consequences
• How might a girl imitate her mother according to indirect reinforcement?

  By wearing make-up after seeing her praised
• What happens if a child sees unfavorable consequences for a behavior?

  The behavior is less likely to be imitated
• What does identification refer to in SLT?

  Attaching to a person seen as desirable
• Who can be considered role models for children?

  Parents, teachers, and media figures
• What qualities do role models typically possess?

  Attractive, high status, same gender
• What is modeling in the context of SLT?

  Demonstrating behavior for imitation
• How might a mother model stereotypically feminine behavior?

  By tidying the house or cooking
• What are the four mediational processes in SLT?

  Attention, retention, motivation, motor reproduction
• What does attention refer to in the mediational processes?

  Focusing on a role model's behavior
• What does retention involve in the learning of gender behavior?

  Remembering the observed skills
• What motivates a child to repeat a behavior?

  The desire to be like their hero
• What is motor reproduction in the context of SLT?

  The physical capability to perform behavior
• Why is motor reproduction important in SLT?

  It determines if a child can imitate behavior