A01

• What is the contribution of cross-cultural research to the nature-nurture debate in gender?

  It provides insights into gender-role behaviors
• What conclusion can be drawn if a gender-role behavior is consistent across cultures?

  It may indicate an innate biological difference
• What does it imply if some gender-role behaviors are culturally specific?

  Shared norms and socialization may be decisive
• How were the Arapesh characterized in Mead's study?

  Gentle and responsive
• Who conducted one of the earliest cross-cultural studies of gender roles?

  • Margaret Mead
  • Year: 1935
  • Location: Papua New Guinea
• How were the Mundugumor characterized in Mead's study?

  Aggressive and hostile
• How were the Tchambuli characterized in Mead's study?

  Women were dominant; men were passive
• What does Mead's study suggest about the relationship between sex and gender?

  There may not be a direct biological relationship
• What did Mead concede in her later work regarding gender-typical behaviors?

  She underestimated their universal nature
• According to Mead, what largely determines the expression of innate behaviors?

  Cultural norms influence their expression
• What did David Buss find regarding mate preferences in 1995?

  Consistent patterns across 37 countries
• What did women generally seek in potential partners according to Buss's findings?

  Men who could offer wealth and resources
• What did men generally look for in potential partners according to Buss's findings?

  Youth and physical attractiveness
• What did the study by Robert Munroe and Ruth Munroe reveal about division of labor?

  It is organized along gender lines
• In most societies, who is typically the "breadwinner"?

  Men are typically the breadwinners
• In most societies, who is often considered the 'nurturer'?

  Women are often the nurturers