A01

• What percentage of the world population experiences schizophrenia?

  About 1%
• In which groups is schizophrenia more commonly diagnosed?

  Men, city-dwellers, and lower socioeconomic groups
• How can schizophrenia symptoms affect individuals' lives?

  They can lead to homelessness or hospitalization
• What is the relationship between diagnosis and classification in mental disorders?

  • Diagnosis distinguishes one disorder from another
  • Classification identifies clusters of symptoms
  • Symptoms are used to determine specific disorders
• What are the two major systems for classifying mental disorders?

  ICD-10 and DSM-5
• How does the DSM-5 differ from the ICD in classifying schizophrenia?

  DSM-5 requires one positive symptom, ICD requires two negatives
• What subtypes of schizophrenia were recognized in previous editions of ICD and DSM?

  Paranoid schizophrenia
• Why were subtypes of schizophrenia dropped from DSM-5 and ICD-10?

  They were inconsistent in symptom presentation
• What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

  Additional experiences beyond ordinary existence
• What are hallucinations in the context of schizophrenia?

  Unusual sensory experiences not related to the environment
• What types of hallucinations can a person with schizophrenia experience?

  Visual, auditory, and other sensory distortions
• What are delusions in schizophrenia?

  Irrational beliefs that deviate from reality
• What are common themes of delusions in schizophrenia?

  Beliefs of persecution or being an important figure
• What is speech poverty in schizophrenia?

  Reduction in the amount and quality of speech
• How is speech disorganization classified in DSM-5?

  As a positive symptom of schizophrenia
• What is avolition in schizophrenia?

  Difficulty in initiating or maintaining goal-directed activities
• Who identified three signs of avolition?

  Nancy Andreasen
• What are the three signs of avolition identified by Nancy Andreasen?

  Poor hygiene, lack of persistence, lack of energy