Chemistry organic

• Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon atoms are often bonded with other atoms of hydrogen
• Inorganic compounds are compounds that contain atoms other than carbon for example acids and salts
• Carbon bonds are strong and nonpolar forming stable carbon structures are also versatile and can make single double or triple bond
• Formula for Alkane-CnH2n+2
• Formula for alcohol-CnH2n+1OH
• Formula for Alkene - CnH2n
• formula for carboxylic acid-CnH2n+1COOH
• Homologous series is a group of organic compounds with the same functional group and same general formula and similar properties
• STEM is the number of carbon atoms in the longest carbon chain
• Prefix is added before the main name
• Suffix is added after the main name which is the functional group
• A functional group- an atom or group of atoms within a molecule that has similar chemical properties
• Structural isomers are isomers that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
• Stereoisomerism is compounds that have the same atoms connected to each other but have different arrangements of atoms
• in cyclo alkanes the carbon one is always at the double bond
• The suffix name for an alcohol ends in Ol
• Dien- two double bonds
• The functional group that has c=o at the end of the chain is both a carboxylic acid and an aldehyde
• Aldehydes are given an al ending
• Aldehydes and ketones can be classified as carbonyls
• Electrophile- the electron pair acceptor in the organic mechanism.
• Nucleophile- the atom that donates the electron pair in a covalent bond
• Nucleophile contains a Lone pair before donation and this attracts to the delta positive charge on the carbon atom
• When OH- attacks a hydrogen in the bond a double bond is formed between the two carbons and it’s the carbon that is opposite to the arrow
• Free radical-an atom or molecule with an unpaired electron
• A z-isomer is when an atom with the highest atomic number are on the same side of the double bond
• An E-isomer is when the atoms with the highest atomic numbers are on opposite sides of the double bond
• highest atomic number- BR>CL>F>H
• Cis-the atom or group attached to the carbon atom are the same and on the same side
• Trans-when the two atoms or groups are the same but on different sides of the double bond
• Alkanes are cracked using thermal cracking and the temperatures must be high
• Alkanes are cracked into alkenes as alkenes are in demand more
• Free radicals- atoms or group of atoms which have a single unpaired electron
• Curly arrow send at positively charged atoms, slightly positively charged atoms and slightly negatively charged atoms
• Curly arrows start at covalent bonds, a single electron and a pair of electrons
• CIP rules- the higher the atomic number is given priority, if same side than Z, but on different sides than E
• Ketones have a =O on their compound
• Ketones structure

  
• Carboxylic acid