A01

• What is the interactionist approach also called?

  Biosocial approach
• What factors does the interactionist approach acknowledge in schizophrenia development?

  Biological, psychological, and social factors
• What are biological factors in schizophrenia?

  Genetic vulnerability and neurochemical abnormalities
• What psychological factors contribute to schizophrenia?

  Stress from life events and daily hassles
• What does the diathesis-stress model explain?

  Vulnerability and stress trigger for schizophrenia
• What does 'diathesis' mean in the diathesis-stress model?

  Vulnerability to developing schizophrenia
• How does stress relate to the diathesis-stress model?

  It refers to negative experiences triggering schizophrenia
• What was Meehl's model of the diathesis-stress model based on?

  Entirely genetic vulnerability from a 'schizogene'
• What is a characteristic of a biologically based schizotypic personality?

  Sensitivity to stress
• According to Meehl, what happens if a person lacks the schizogene?

  No amount of stress would lead to schizophrenia
• How has the modern understanding of diathesis changed?

  Many genes increase vulnerability slightly, no single 'schizogene'
• What does modern diathesis include beyond genetic factors?

  Psychological trauma
• What did John Read et al. propose about early trauma?

  It alters the developing brain
• What can severe early trauma affect in brain development?

  The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system
• How is stress defined in the modern diathesis-stress model?

  Anything that risks triggering schizophrenia
• What recent research has focused on as a stressor for schizophrenia?

  Cannabis use
• How does cannabis use relate to schizophrenia risk?

  Increases risk by up to seven times
• Why do most cannabis users not develop schizophrenia?

  They lack requisite vulnerability factors
• What does the interactionist model of schizophrenia acknowledge?

  Both biological and psychological factors
• What treatments does the interactionist model support?

  Combination of antipsychotic medication and CBT
• What do Turkington et al. suggest about biological causes and CBT?

  Both can be believed and practiced together
• What is the treatment practice for schizophrenia in Britain?

  Combination of antipsychotic drugs and CBT
• How does treatment in the US differ from the UK for schizophrenia?

  More common to use medication alone
• What has led to slower adoption of the interactionist approach in the US?

  Conflict between psychological and biological models