A01

• Who wrote the book L'Uomo Delinquente?

  Cesare Lombroso
• What did Lombroso suggest about criminals in his book?

  They were genetic throwbacks, biologically different
• How would Lombroso's theory of the atavistic form be described today?

  Speculative and naïve
• How did Lombroso view offenders in relation to evolutionary development?

  As lacking evolutionary development
• What did Lombroso believe about the nature of offending behavior?

  It was a natural tendency rooted in genes
• What was revolutionary about Lombroso's ideas on offending behavior?

  Offenders were not to blame for actions
• What are 'atavistic' characteristics according to Lombroso?

  Physiological markers linked to offenses
• What types of physical features did Lombroso associate with the atavistic form?

  Features of the face and head
• What cranial characteristics were included in the atavistic form?

  Narrow brow, strong jaw, high cheekbones
• What other physical markers did Lombroso identify?

  Dark skin, extra toes, nipples, fingers
• Besides physical traits, what other aspects did Lombroso associate with born offenders?

  Insensitivity to pain, use of slang, tattoos
• How did Lombroso categorize different types of offenders?

  By their physical and facial characteristics
• What characteristics did Lombroso attribute to murderers?

  Bloodshot eyes, curly hair, long ears
• What features did Lombroso associate with sexual deviants?

  Glinting eyes, swollen lips, projecting ears
• What did Lombroso say about the lips of fraudsters?

  They were thin and 'reedy'
• How did Lombroso conduct his research on offenders?

  By examining facial and cranial features
• How many skulls did Lombroso examine in total?

  4,222 skulls
• What percentage of criminal acts did Lombroso attribute to atavistic characteristics?

  40%
• What conclusion did Lombroso reach about atavistic features?

  They were key indicators of criminality