A01

• Who suggested that cognitive factors trigger emotional arousal preceding aggression?

  Raymond Novaco
• What does Novaco argue about anger in certain individuals?

  Anger surfaces quickly in anxiety-inducing situations
• How is anger management viewed in behaviourist terms?

  It is reinforced by feelings of control
• What is cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in the context of anger management?

  • Recognizes cognitive triggers of anger
  • Teaches conflict resolution techniques
  • Aims to reduce violence through understanding
• What are the three stages of anger management programs?

  Cognitive preparation, skills acquisition, application practice
• What occurs during the cognitive preparation stage?

  Offenders reflect on past anger experiences
• What is the therapist's role in cognitive preparation?

  To clarify irrational interpretations of events
• What might an offender misinterpret as an act of confrontation?

  Someone looking at them or their partner
• What techniques are introduced during the skills acquisition stage?

  Positive self-talk, assertiveness training, relaxation techniques
• How can positive self-talk help in anger management?

  It encourages calmness in stressful situations
• What is the purpose of relaxation training in anger management?

  To control physical reactions to anger
• What does the application practice phase involve?

  Role play of anger-provoking scenarios
• What is required from the offender during application practice?

  Commitment to see scenarios as real
• What does the therapist do during role play in application practice?

  'Winds up' the offender to assess progress
• What was the age range of young offenders studied by Julia Keen et al.?

  17 to 21 years old
• What is the National Anger Management Package?

  A nationally recognized anger management program
• How many sessions does the National Anger Management Package comprise?

  Eight two-hour sessions
• What were the initial issues faced by offenders in the program?

  Not taking the course seriously and forgetting routines
• What were the final outcomes of the anger management program?

  Increased awareness and self-control
• What are the key components of the National Anger Management Package?

  • Eight two-hour sessions
  • First seven sessions in three weeks
  • Last session one month later
  • Content follows cognitive behaviour therapy principles