A01

• What is one important non-experimental method in psychology?

  Observation
• How do observations benefit psychologists?

  They allow seeing behavior without asking
• In what settings can observations be conducted?

  Natural or controlled settings
• Why is observation flexible for studying interactions?

  It allows studying complex variable interactions
• What is a common use of observation in experiments?

  Assessing the dependent variable
• What characterizes naturalistic observations?

  They occur in the usual setting of behavior
• Why is it better to study interactions in a factory environment?

  It reflects real-life interactions accurately
• What is a controlled observation?

  It controls certain aspects of the research
• Who conducted a controlled observation in the Strange Situation studies?

  Mary Ainsworth
• How did Ainsworth record data in her studies?

  Using a two-way mirror
• What is the purpose of controlling variables in a controlled observation?

  To observe effects and control confounding variables
• What are covert observations?

  Participants are unaware they are being studied
• What must be true for covert observations to be ethical?

  Behavior must be public and occurring anyway
• What are overt observations?

  Participants know their behavior is observed
• What is the difference between participant and non-participant observations?

  Participant observations involve joining the group
• How could a researcher improve the study of factory workers?

  By joining the workforce for firsthand accounts
• Why might non-participant observations be necessary?

  It may be impractical to join certain groups
• What is a challenge of non-participant observations in certain contexts?

  It may be impossible to join specific groups