Contractual Obligations and Exceptions

• What is the most common source of obligations?

  Contracts
• How do contracts arise?

  From the agreement between two or more parties
• What happens when you borrow money from a friend?

  You create a contractual obligation
• Why are contractual obligations enforceable by law?

  They stem from the parties' specific agreement
• What do contracts establish between parties?

  Mutual rights and duties
• What legal status do obligations from contracts have?

  They are enforceable by law
• How do quasi-contracts differ from contracts?

  They arise from situations demanding fairness
• What triggers a quasi-contractual obligation?

  A situation that demands fairness
• What are quasi-contracts?

  Obligations from lawful acts without agreement
• How do crimes differ from quasi-delicts?

  Crimes involve criminal offenses, quasi-delicts do not
• What must a murderer do regarding civil liability?

  • Indemnify the victims' families
• What creates obligations when leading to civil liability?

  Crimes or acts punished by law
• How do quasi-delicts differ from contracts?

  No agreement exists between the parties
• What do contractual obligations establish?

  Mutual rights and duties
• What are quasi-delicts also known as?

  Torts
• What are the consequences for a thief under civil liability?

  • Must return the stolen item
  • Must pay for damages
• How does a contractual obligation differ from a casual promise?

  A contractual obligation is legally enforceable
• What is the relationship between criminal responsibility and civil liability?

  Criminal responsibility leads to civil liability obligations
• What is the purpose of quasi-contracts?

  To prevent unfair benefits at another's expense
• Why is it important to understand quasi-contracts in law?

  They address fairness without explicit agreements
• What does "not to do" involve in obligations?

  Refraining from specific actions
• What does Article 1156 define as an obligation?

  A juridical necessity to give, do, or not do
• What does "to give" refer to in the context of obligations?

  Transferring something physical or intangible
• What gives rise to quasi-delicts?

  Damage caused by negligence or fault
• Why are individuals held accountable in quasi-delict situations?

  Due to negligence even without an agreement
• What are the three types of obligations defined in Article 1156?

  • To give
  • To do
  • Not to do
• What must an offender do in a quasi-delict situation?

  Compensate for harm caused
• What does civil liability stemming from criminal offenses refer to?

  Obligations from crimes or acts punished by law
• Why is the concept of juridical necessity important in obligations?

  It ensures compliance between parties
• What does Article 1157 enumerate?

  Five sources of obligations
• What does "juridical necessity" mean in the context of obligations?

  Obligations are enforceable by law
• What is the first source of obligations according to Article 1157?

  Law
• What are the implications of obligations being enforceable by law?

  • Legal consequences for non-compliance
  • Protection of rights between parties
  • Ability to seek legal remedies
• What are obligations imposed by legal rules?

  Obligations from laws like taxes
• What is the second source of obligations according to Article 1157?

  Contracts
• What is the fourth source of obligations according to Article 1157?

  Crimes or acts punished by law
• What are quasi-contracts?

  Voluntary acts preventing unjust enrichment
• What does "to do" mean in the context of obligations?

  Performing a service or action
• Why is civil liability important for crime victims?

  It holds criminals responsible beyond criminal penalties
• What is the third source of obligations according to Article 1157?

  Quasi-contracts