Response to exercise

• What does the body need more of during exercise?

  Energy for muscle contractions
• How is energy released during exercise?

  Through respiration at a higher rate
• What adjustments does the body make during exercise?

  Ensures oxygen and glucose delivery, waste removal
• What are the main physiological responses to exercise?

  • Increased breathing rate and depth
  • Increased heart rate
  • Increased blood flow to muscles (vasodilation)
  • Increased glycogen breakdown
  • Anaerobic respiration during intense exercise
  • Oxygen debt after exercise
  • Removing lactic acid
• Why does breathing rate increase during exercise?

  To supply more oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
• What happens to the depth of breathing during exercise?

  It increases to take in more air
• How does increased breathing affect gas exchange?

  More oxygen enters blood, more CO₂ removed
• Why does heart rate increase during exercise?

  To transport oxygen and glucose faster
• What is the effect of increased heart rate on blood flow?

  It increases blood flow to the muscles
• What is vasodilation?

  Widening of blood vessels
• Why does the body increase glycogen breakdown during exercise?

  To provide more glucose for respiration
• Where is glycogen stored in the body?

  In muscles and liver
• What happens during anaerobic respiration?

  Less energy is released, lactic acid builds up
• What causes muscle fatigue during intense exercise?

  Lactic acid build-up
• What is oxygen debt?

  Extra oxygen needed after intense exercise
• Why is extra oxygen needed after exercise?

  To break down lactic acid and replenish oxygen
• How is lactic acid removed from the body?

  Transported to the liver
• What happens to lactic acid in the liver?

  Converted back into glucose
• What are the short-term effects of exercise?

  • Increased breathing rate and depth
  • Increased heart rate
  • More oxygen delivered to muscles
  • Anaerobic respiration leading to lactic acid build-up
• What are the long-term effects of regular exercise?

  • Stronger heart and lungs (better endurance)
  • Lower resting heart rate (heart more efficient)
  • More capillaries form around muscles
  • More muscle mass and less risk of fatigue
• Why is the body’s response to exercise important?

  Ensures muscles get enough oxygen and glucose
• How does regular exercise affect the body's efficiency?

  It strengthens heart, lungs, and muscles