Nervous + Endocrine system

• What are the two parts of the nervous system?

  • Central nervous system
  • Peripheral nervous system
• What is the role of the central nervous system?

  • Control and coordinate the body's functions
  • Origin of commands and decisions
  • Sends messages from the brain to the body for response
• What are the two parts of the central nervous system and what are they responsible for?

  • Brain - conscious awareness
  • Spinal cord - reflexes
• What is the role of the peripheral nervous system

  • Takes information to the CNS and takes messages back out of CNS
  • This is because PNS are nerves that connect CNS to the rest of the body
• What are the two sub-systems within the peripheral nervous system and what are they responsible for?

  • Somatic nervous system - voluntary actions (can consciously influence)
  • Autonomic nervous system - involuntary vital functions e.g. heart rate, breathing, blood pressure (nerves are always active and regulated constantly)
• What are two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

  • Sympathetic division -> fight or flight (prepares for action)
  • Parasympathetic division -> rest and digest
• What is the hypothalamus?

  A region in the brain that sends signals to the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems to regulate bodily functions like heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure
• How does the body switch from a parasympathetic division to a sympathetic division?

  When hypothalamus detects a stressful situation, the body switches from a parasympathetic division to a sympathetic division, by shutting down unnecessary tasks and making the body physiologically aroused. When the stressful situation is removed, the body used the parasympathetic brand to reset each organ back to its normal resting state. ONLY ONE DIVISION IS ACTIVE AT A TIME (seesawing pair)
• What are some symptoms when the autonomic system switches from parasympathetic to sympathetic?

  constrict pupils -> dilate pupils (eyes)

  Stimulates salivation -> inhibits salivation (mouth)

  Slows heartbeat -> speeds up heart rate (heart)

  Constricts bronchi -> dilated bronchi (lungs)

  Stimulates digestion -> inhibits digestion (stomach)

  Stimulates bile release -> stimulates glucose release (liver)

  / -> releases adrenaline (kidney - adrenal medulla)

  Stimulates peristalsis and secretion -> inhibits peristalsis and secretion (intestines)

  Constricts bladder -> relaxes bladder (bladder)
• What is the endocrine system?

  Set of glands that release hormones
• What are hormones?

  Chemical messengers produced by glands in the endocrine system that regulate various bodily functions by travelling in the blood to their target areas
• What is the endocrine system made up of?

  7 different parts

  A) Pineal gland

  B) Pituitary gland

  C) Thyroid gland

  D) Adrenal glands

  E) Pancreas

  F) Ovaries

  G) Testes

  
• What is each gland responsible for producing?

  Pineal gland - melatonin

  Pituitary gland - *master gland* hormones

  Thyroid gland - thyroxine

  Adrenal glands - adrenaline

  Pancreas - insulin

  Ovaries - oestrogen

  Testes - testosterone