HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS

• • Hydrometeorological hazards are atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic.
• • Hydrometeorological conditions may influence other hazards.
  • Example: landslides, wildland fires, locust plagues, epidemics.
• TYPHOON

  • Typhoons are organized rotating clouds and thunderstorms (UNDRR).
  • Initially forms over tropical/warm ocean waters.
  • It contains fast winds that rotate clockwise.
  • Usually 118 - 120 kph in speed;
  • if exceeded it classifies as super typhoon.
  • Has different names depending on the origin.

  Such as: Typhoon, Hurricane, and Tropical Cyclone.
• HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS

  are atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic
• HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS

  • These hazards include: Typhoons, Thunderstorms, and Floods
• • Typhoons are organized rotating clouds and thunderstorms
• UNDRR

  United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
• Typhoon initially forms over tropical/warm ocean waters.
• Typhoon contains fast winds that rotate clockwise.
• Usually 118 - 120 kph in speed

  typhoon
• if exceeded in 165 kph, it classifies as super typhoon
• originated in northwest pacific

  typhoon
• originated in Atlantic and the East Pacific


  Hurricane
• originated in Indian Ocean and South Pacific

  Tropical Cyclone
• • Locally known as Super Typhoon Lawin.
  • Captured by NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite.
  • It was the third strongest tropical cyclone in 2016.
  • Struck from October 14 - 26, 2016.
  • Showed a clear eye and a band of thunderstorms.

  Super Typhoon Haima
• • The center and the calmest portion
  • The point at which the winds rotate
  • Air sinks, forming a cloud-free “eye”

  Eye
• • Deflection caused by Earth’s rotation
  • Zero at equator and increases toward poles
  • Air is deflected to the right in the northern hemisphere
  • Winds in the southern hemisphere are deflected to the left


  Coriolis Force
• • This region is also called the wall cloud.
  • Part closest to the eye of the storm.
  • Typically 15 to 30 km from the eye.
  • Most dangerous and destructive part of the typhoon.
  • Has the maximum sustained winds.
  • The clouds present typically reaches up to 49,000 feet.
  • Driven by rapid changes in atmospheric pressure.


  Eyewall
• Curved bands of clouds that trail away from the eye wall in a spiral fashion


  Rainbands
• • Inner rainbands are active immediately outside the eyewall in the rapid filamentation zone
• • Outer rainbands are active in regions outside about 3 times the radius of maximum wind.
• The Philippines uses a tropical cyclone intensity scale developed by PAGASA, which classifies tropical cyclones into five categories
• Tropical Depression: ≤ 61 kph
• Tropical Storm: 62 - 88 kph
• Severe Tropical Storm: 89 - 117 kph
• Typhoon: 118 - 184 kph
• Super Typhoon: greater than 185 kph
• Our country experiences an average of 20 tropical cyclones annually

  • These may range from a tropical depression to a super typhoon or beyond.
  • The previously given Haima (Lawin) was classified as a Super Typhoon due to its sustained wind speed of up to 225 kph.
• PSWS

  Public Storm Warning Signal
• PSWS are issued in the affected areas to inform the public on the forecasted impacts of the storm and how soon these are expected to be felt.
• TCWS

  Tropical Cyclone Warning System
• Signs of an Impending Typhoon

  • Increased ocean swell
  • Changes in clouds
  • Barometric measure drop
  • Abrupt changes in wind speed
• atmospheric pressure may start to drop continuously about 36 hours before a storm.
• Wind speeds may increase as air moves from an area with high pressure to low pressure
• PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES FOR A TYPHOON

  • Stay updated
  • Stay indoors
  • Lock doors and windows
  • Seek higher ground
  • Do NOT go out until it is safe
  • Keep a list of emergency hotline numbers
  • Prepare a first aid kit and and stock up on goods.
• THUNDERSTORMS

  • A thunderstorm is characterized by heavy rain and wind.
  • Also known as lightning storm or electrical storm.
  • It is accompanied by lighting and thunder or at times with hail and tornadoes.
  • It can last for 30 minutes to hours.
  • Requires moisture and rapidly rising warm air.
  • Observed most in areas near the equator.
• Thunderstorm Formation

  • Convection occurs which is essential to its formation.
• Thunderstorm Formation

  • Thunderstorm is formed from the equilibrium between updrafts and downdrafts.
• Thunderstorm Formation

  • Updrafts are rising winds while downdrafts are downward winds.
• Thunderstorm Formation

  • Rising air cools and condenses into cumulonimbus clouds.