PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

• The main emphasis of this module is to illustrate and explain the conceptual framework, discuss the definition of terms used, formulating the research hypothesis, and review the related literature.
• Government Property NOT FOR SALE NOT Practical Research 2 Quarter 1 - Module 3 Conceptual Framework and Review of Related Literature Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines Senior High SchoolStatistics and Probability - Grade 12 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 - Module 3: Conceptual Framework and Review of Related Literature First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines.
• Body of knowledge refers to the collection of knowledge in a specific area of study.
• Search engines are tools used to search for information on the internet.
• Reference management software is a type of software used to manage references.
• The main body of a research paper is the part where the research findings are presented.
• Government documents are a type of document that is produced by the government.
• Prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created is necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
• The agency or office may impose as a condition the payment of royalty.
• Peer-review is a process where research studies are evaluated by other researchers.
• General references are sources that are not part of the study but are related to it.
• In-text citation is a reference made within the body of text in the paper, leading the reader to a source where a particular information has been taken from.
• Snowballing is a method of gathering relevant studies by contacting people who have already conducted related research.
• Periodicals are publications that contain research studies.
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• Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners.
• The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
• As a researcher, you must determine whether your hypothesis is accepted or not based on the findings and outcome of your research study.
• Not all studies have a hypothesis while, some studies have several hypotheses.
• A simple hypothesis is a prediction of the relationship between two variables, the independent variable and the dependent variable.
• A complex hypothesis reflects the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable.
• An empirical hypothesis, also called as the “working hypothesis,” is presumed to explain certain facts and relationships of phenomena.
• A logical hypothesis expresses explanation with limited evidence that can be verified logically.
• A statistical hypothesis is an analysis of a portion of a population and can be verified statistically.
• The null hypothesis is denoted with the symbol H0 and exists when there is no relationship between the independent and dependent variables or when there is an insufficient amount of information to claim a scientific hypothesis.
• An alternative hypothesis is denoted with the symbol (H1) and is an alternate statement expressed to be tested in order to generate the desired output when the null hypothesis is not accepted.
• A directional hypothesis relates the relationship between the variables and can also predict its nature.
• A non-directional hypothesis is used when there is no principle involved.
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• The research framework differentiates between the conceptual and theoretical framework, defines terms operationally, formulates hypotheses based on the problem, and determines the methods in selecting appropriate related literature for the study.
• The lessons in this module include: Research Framework, Definition of Terms, Formulation of Hypothesis, and Presenting the Review of Related Literature.
• The objectives of this module are to acquire needed competencies, differentiate between the conceptual and theoretical framework, define terms operationally, formulate hypotheses based on the problem, and determine the methods in selecting appropriate related literature for the study.
• The learning objectives in this module are to understand and explain the research framework, define terms used in the study, list research hypothesis, and present a written review of related literature and conceptual framework.
• To achieve the objectives of this module, it is necessary to take time reading the lessons carefully, follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently, answer all the given tests and exercises, and process what you have learned from the lesson.
• The conceptual framework is where there is no intervention being made by the researcher.
• One of the two types of defining the terms in research wherein you need to define according to how the term is being used in the study is conceptual.
• A good definition of terms should be direct to the point and underlined the entire meaning.