Micropara 1

• No true nucleus; e.g. bacteria

  Prokaryotic cell
• Possess true nuclei; e.g. fungi, algae, protozoa, etc.

  Eukaryotic cells
• Their main goal is to reproduce and replicate themselves; they are obligate intracellular parasites; acellular organisms

  Virus
• Contains either RNA/DNA and a capsid

  Virus
• What do you call the protein outer layer of virus that is composed of capsomeres

  Capsid
• What do you call the fundamental unit of capsid?

  Capsomeres
• Do not divide by binary fission, mitosis, or meiosis

  Virus
• They lack energy production

  Virus
• How are viruses classified?

  1. Type of nucleic acid they possess.
  2. Shape of capsid
  3. Number of capsomeres
  4. Size of the capsid
  5. Presence or absence of an envelope
  6. Type of host they infect
  7. Type of disease they produce
  8. Their target cell
  9. Immunologic or antigen properties
• Give me 9 types of viruses.

  1. Vaccinia virus
  2. Paramyxovirus
  3. Herpes virus
  4. Orf virus
  5. Rhabdovirus
  6. T-even coliphage
  7. Flexuous-tailed phage
  8. Adenovirus
  9. Influenza virus
• Virus that infect bacteria; are used for antibiotics; and are obligate intracellular parasites

  Bacteriophages
• Prokaryotic cells that possess both DNA and RNA

  Bacteria
• Contains nucleoid and reproduce through binary fission

  Bacteria
• Cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan

  Bacteria
• How are bacteria classified?

  1. Gram-positive bacteria with cell wall
  2. Gram-negative bacteria with cell wall
  3. Acid fast bacteria with lipid-rich cell wall
  4. Bacteria without cell wall
• Also known as parasites

  Protozoa
• Its cell wall is made up of pellicle

  Protozoa
• Classified into cyst (infective) and trophozoite (pathogenic)

  Protozoa
• 2 types of protozoa:

  1. Cystic- infectious
  2. Trophozoite- pathogenic
• The cell wall is made up of chitin

  Fungi
• What composes fungi's cell membrane?

  Ergosterol
• How do fungi reproduce?

  Sexual or asexual spores
• What composes algae's cell wall?

  Cellulose
• It can photosynthesis and has chlorophyll

  Algae
• In the Kingdom Protista

  Algae
• These are unicellular algae that lives in both fresh and saltwater

  Diatoms
• What composes diatom's cell wall?

  Silicone dioxide
• What type of diatom that causes red tide?

  Dinoflagellates
• What does dinoflagellates produce?

  Neurotoxin
• What are the 3 basic shapes of bacteria?

  1. Coccus- spherical/round shaped
  2. Bacillus- rod-shaped
  3. Spirochetes- spirals
• What shape of bacteria is elongated and a combination of coccus and bacillus?

  Coccobacilli
• What bacteria causes cholera?

  Vibrio cholerae
• Protects the bacteria from harsh environments

  Envelope structures
• 2 types of envelope structures:

  1. Glycocalyx
  2. Cell wall
• What is glycocalyx?

  A gelatinous substance composed of polysaccharide
• What is the outermost layer of bacteria?

  Glycocalyx
• Type of glycocalyx that is loose coating that surrounds the bacteria

  Slime layer
• Type of glycocalyx that enables the bacteria to strongly attach unto something

  Capsule
• Protect the bacteria from osmotic damage and important for cell division

  Cell wall
• Layers of cell wall in gram positive and negative bacteria:

  1. Gram-positive bacteria- multilayered
  2. Gram-negative bacteria- single layered