Module 2

• Contextual and Content Analysis of Primary Sources is the examination of selected primary sources such as Antonio Pigafetta’s First Expedition around the World, Emilio Jacinto’s “Kartilya ng Katipunan”, and the 1898 Declaration of Philippine Independence.
• The outcome of Contextual and Content Analysis of Primary Sources is to analyze the context, content, and perspective of selected primary sources and determine their contribution in understanding the history of the Filipino people.
• Developing critical and analytical skills is a key outcome of exposure to primary sources.
• The learning objectives of the module include evaluating the merits of selected narrative accounts from primary sources, discussing criticisms on historical issues, and citing historical importance of selected text.
• Primary sources for this module include written histories, official documents, speeches, cartoons, and works of visual art.
• Different types of sources need different kinds of analysis and have different levels of importance, so it goes without saying that this is the case.
• Content and Contextual Analysis of Selected Primary Sources involves examining the historical value of the information in these documents and looking at how they were made.
• Ferdinand Magellan is often credited as the first person to circumnavigate the globe, a claim that is partially true as his expedition completed the first entire circumnavigation of the planet.
• Magellan's voyage around the world brought significant changes to Europe, Asia, and the world, including both positive and negative results.
• The results of Magellan's voyage include a first time man circumnavigated the world, awareness of the greatest of all oceans lying between the New World and Europe, enhancement of geographical knowledge, motivation to explore and conquer the Pacific, and paving the way for the colonization of the Philippines.
• The eighth tenet of the Kartilya ng Katipunan states that a Katipunero must defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor.
• The sixth tenet of the Kartilya ng Katipunan states that a Katipunero must be a man of his word.
• The 14th tenet of the Kartilya ng Katipunan states that when these teachings shall have been propagated and the glorious sun of freedom begins to shine on these poor islands to enlighten a united race and people, then all the loves lost, all the struggle and sacrifices shall not have been in vain.
• The second tenet of the Kartilya ng Katipunan states that a deed that is motivated by self-interest or self-pity and done without sincerity lacks nobility.
• The first voyage around the world by Antonio Pigafetta, "Kartilya ng Katipunan" by Emilio Jacinto, and the 1898 Declaration of Philippine Independence are the main sources for this module.
• The Declaration of Philippine Independence was prepared and written by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista in Spanish and translated into English by Sulpicio Guevara.
• The Declaration of Philippine Independence was proclaimed in the town of Cavite-Viejo, Province of Cavite, on June 12, 1898.
• Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, a War Counsellor and Special Delegate, was designated to proclaim and solemnize the Declaration of Independence by the Dictatorial Government of the Philippines.
• The Declaration of Philippine Independence was issued pursuant to, and by virtue of, a Decree issued by the Egregious Dictator Don Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy.
• The undersigned assemblage of military chiefs and others of the army who could not attend, as well as the representatives of the various towns, took into account the fact that the people of this country were already tired of bearing the ominous yoke of Spanish domination.
• The people were tired of arbitrary arrests and abuses of the Civil Guards who caused deaths in connivance with and even under the express orders of their superior officers.
• The people were tired of unjust deportations of illustrious Filipinos, especially those decreed by General Blanco at the instigation of the Archbishop and the friars interested in keeping them in ignorance for egoistic and selfish ends.
• The people were tired of processes more execrable than those of the Inquisition which every civilized nation repudiates as a trial without hearing.
• The people resolved to start a revolution in August 1896.
• The Battle of Manila Bay was won by the Americans during the Philippine-American War.
• The Philippine Independence was proclaimed on July 4, 1946.
• The first Philippine President, Emilio Aguinaldo, was exiled to Hong Kong.
• The first Philippine President led two types of government: the Malolos Constitution and the Biak-na-Bato Constitution.
• The original version of the poem Filipinas is in Spanish, a beautiful piece of poetry written in 1899 by Tondo-born soldier and poet José Palma.
• Emilio Aguinaldo assumed the presidency at the age of 23.
• The Philippine National flag has a design and colors that are found described in the attached drawing, the white triangle signifying the distinctive emblem of the famous Society of the Aklan which by means of its blood compact inspired the masses to rise in revolution; the three stars, signifying the three principal Islands of this Archipelago - Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao where this revolutionary movement started; the sun representing the gigantic steps made by the Philippines along the path of Progress and Civilization; the eight rays, signifying the eight provinces - Luzon, Visayas, Minda
• The poem Filipinas was later set to the music of Marcha Nacional Filipina, a rousing composition by musician Julián Felipe played on that historic day in Kawit, Cavite.
• Katipuneros remember their mothers who nurtured them.
• The Act of the Declaration of Independence was prepared, written, and read by Ambrosio Rienzares Bautista in Spanish.
• Katipuneros should not do to others what they do not want others to do to their own families.
• The Declaration was signed by 98 people, among them an American army officer who witnessed the proclamation, Mr. L. M. Johnson, a Coronel of Artillery.
• The twelfth rule gives importance to every action that one has to make.
• The proclamation of Philippine independence was promulgated on August 1, when many towns had already been organized under the rules laid down by the Dictatorial Government of General Aguinaldo.
• A Katipunero must not do the things that he does not want to be done to him or to his family.
• The declaration was not recognized by the U.S nor did Spain and Spain later sell the Philippines to the United States in the 1898 Treaty of Paris end the Spanish-American War.