Mycobacteria, Leprosy, and Leptospirosis

Created by

Titi pipi

Cards (465)

What is the color of the background in the image?
The background is blue and white.
What type of microscope was likely used to capture this image?
This image was likely captured using a light microscope or a transmission electron microscope.
What information about cell structure or function can be inferred from this image?
The image shows the structure and distribution of red blood cells, which are important for oxygen transport in the body.
The blue-white background suggests the image may be of a blood smear or other biological sample.
Why are the red blood cells (erythrocytes) in this image distributed throughout the background?
Red blood cells are typically dispersed in blood plasma to facilitate oxygen transport
What distinguishes acid-fast bacteria?
Thick cell walls rich in mycolic acid
How do M. tuberculosis and M. leprae differ in pathogenesis?
tuberculosis infects lungs; M. leprae targets skin
Why are acid-fast bacteria resistant to staining?
Due to their thick cell walls
What makes acid-fast bacteria resistant to common disinfectants?
Thick cell walls rich in mycolic acid
What is the primary infection site for M. leprae?
The skin and nerves
Which two bacteria share acid-fast properties?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and leprae
If you wanted to study the internal structure of these red blood cells in more detail, which type of microscope would you use?
Transmission electron microscope
How does the distribution and appearance of the red blood cells in this image compare to a normal, healthy blood sample?
The red blood cells appear evenly distributed and have a normal biconcave disc shape, suggesting a healthy blood sample
What is the letter label for the region on the right side of the image?
B
What happens to non-acid-fast bacteria during staining?
They turn clear after decolorization
Why is acid-fastness important in microbiology?
It is essential for their identification under microscopy
What is the letter label for the region on the left side of the image?
A
How does the lipid-rich cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis contribute to its virulence?
Provides a strong barrier against host immune defenses
Limits penetration of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents
Helps the bacterium evade phagocytosis by host immune cells
Allows the bacterium to persist and replicate within host cells
What are the main components of the lipid-rich cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Mycolic acid
Arabinogalactan
Peptidoglycan
Lipid bilayer
Phospholipids
Lipoproteins
Lipopolysaccharide
Outer membrane proteins
Why are acid-fast bacteria named so?
Due to mycolic acid in their cell wall
What is the role of mycolic acid in acid-fast bacteria?
It resists decolorization during staining
What is the characteristic feature of the Mycobacterium cell wall?
It is remarkably thick and complex
How could the unique lipid-rich cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis be targeted for new antibiotic development?
Identify and disrupt the biosynthesis of key lipid components
Develop drugs that can penetrate and disrupt the lipid-rich barrier
Target enzymes involved in lipid modification and transport
Exploit the cell wall's dependence on lipids for structural integrity
What is the primary infection site for M. tuberculosis?
The lungs
What is the name of the bacterium shown in the image?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
How is the arabinogalactan layer related to the peptidoglycan layer in Mycobacterium?
It is attached to the peptidoglycan layer
What is mycolic acid?
It is the longest known fatty acid
Why is treating Mycobacterium infections challenging?
It requires powerful drugs and long-term treatment
What surrounds the peptidoglycan layer in Mycobacterium?
A lipid bilayer surrounds the peptidoglycan layer
How do Mycobacteria grow compared to other bacteria?
They grow very slowly
What are the main components of the Mycobacterium cell wall?
Outermost membrane with mycolic acid
Arabinogalactan layer attached to peptidoglycan
Peptidoglycan layer surrounded by a lipid bilayer
Inner phospholipid membrane with proteins
What effect does the structure of Mycobacterium's cell wall have on its properties?
It makes Mycobacteria hydrophobic and resistant
What is the role of mycolic acid in Mycobacteria?
It makes them more resistant to external factors
How does mycolic acid contribute to Mycobacteria's resistance to detergents and antibiotics?
It prevents substances from penetrating the cell wall
What is the main component of the Mycobacteria cell wall that provides resistance?
Mycolic acid
Why is treatment for Mycobacterium infections prolonged?
Due to their slow growth rate
What type of microscope was used to capture this image?
Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
What type of substances are Mycobacteria resistant to?
Detergents and antibiotics
What are the red shapes in the image?
The red shapes appear to be blood cells or erythrocytes.
What is the main purpose of the lipid-rich cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
To provide protection and structural integrity to the bacterial cell
Why is long-term treatment often required for Mycobacterium infections?
Due to the bacteria's resistance to treatment