Diseases, defence & treatment

• What are the types of microorganisms mentioned?

  Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and animals
• What can microorganisms cause?

  Diseases
• What factors influence the growth of microorganisms?

  Temperature, nutrients, and moisture
• What is a key technique for growing microorganisms?

  Agar plate technique
• What is the role of the immune system in disease prevention?

  It defends against pathogens
• What disease is caused by HIV?

  AIDS
• How is HIV spread?

  Through sexual contact
• What is a method to prevent the spread of HIV?

  Practicing safe sex
• What are antibodies?

  Proteins produced by lymphocytes
• What are antigens?

  Substances that trigger immune responses
• What is a common symptom of sexually transmitted diseases?

  Pain during urination
• How can sexually transmitted diseases be prevented?

  Using condoms
• What insect is commonly associated with malaria transmission?

  Mosquitoes
• What are common symptoms of malaria?

  Fever, chills, and sweating
• What is the role of lymphocytes?

  They produce antibodies
• What is a common method to prevent diseases?

  Vaccination
• What is antibiotic resistance?

  When bacteria become immune to antibiotics
• How can vaccination side effects be managed?

  By monitoring for reactions
• What is the purpose of screening in vaccination?

  To ensure safety and effectiveness
• What is the process for testing medical drugs?

  Testing on humans and animals
• What are monoclonal antibodies used for?

  To target specific pathogens
• Why should antibiotics be avoided when unnecessary?

  To prevent antibiotic resistance
• What are the key components of the immune system?

  • Antibodies
  • Antigens
  • Lymphocytes
  • Skin
  • Mucous membranes
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of vaccination?


  Strengths:

  • Prevents diseases
  • Reduces spread of infections

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Possible side effects
  • Requires monitoring for reactions
• What are the symptoms of common diseases caused by pathogens?

  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Pain during urination
• What are the methods of disease prevention?

  • Vaccination
  • Safe sex practices
  • Proper hygiene
  • Avoiding unnecessary antibiotics
• What are microscopic organisms that can only be seen under a microscope?

  Micro-organisms
• What are the four types of micro-organisms?

  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Viruses
  • Protists
• How do certain bacteria benefit the human body?

  They help in the digestion of food
• What are the main structures of bacteria?

  • Chromosomal DNA
  • Plasmid DNA
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell wall
  • Cell membrane
• How do viruses compare in size to bacteria?

  Viruses are smaller than bacteria
• What is the structure of a virus?

  It has a core of genetic material and a protein coat
• What is a pathogen?

  • A disease-causing organism
  • Includes bacteria, viruses, and fungi
• How are communicable diseases transmitted?

  • Direct skin-to-skin contact
  • Body fluids (saliva, blood)
  • Drinking contaminated water
  • Eating contaminated food
• What virus causes HIV/AIDS?

  Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• How is HIV transmitted?

  Through direct contact with infected body fluids
• What does HIV destroy in the body?

  White blood cells
• What are the prevention methods for HIV/AIDS?

  • Use condoms during sex
  • Avoid sharing needles
• How is Chlamydia spread?

  Through sexual contact with infected genital fluids
• What are the symptoms of Chlamydia?

  Pain when urinating and abnormal discharge