Resistance to Social Influence

• What does 'resistance to social influence' refer to?

  Ability to withstand social pressure
• In Asch's conformity study, what percentage of participants resisted group pressure?

  25%
• In Milgram's obedience study, what percentage refused to administer shocks up to 450V?

  35%
• How does social support explain resistance to social influence?

  • Presence of others who resist conformity or obedience helps individuals do the same.
  • Resistance to Conformity: A non-conformist ally breaks group unanimity.
  • Resistance to Obedience: A disobedient role model challenges authority.
• How does a non-conformist ally reduce conformity?

  By breaking group unanimity
• How does a disobedient role model challenge the legitimacy of authority?

  By refusing to obey instructions
• In Milgram's variation study, what happened when participants had disobedient peers?

  Obedience dropped from 65% to 10%
• In Asch's variation study, what happened when a confederate broke unanimity?

  Conformity reduced from 36.8% to 5.5%
• What is a limitation of using social support to explain resistance to social influence?

  Personality factors also play a role
• Who developed the concept of Locus of Control (LOC)?

  Rotter
• What do individuals with an internal LOC believe?

  They control their actions
• What do individuals with an external LOC believe?

  External forces shape their lives
• How does internal LOC relate to resistance to conformity?

  Internals trust their own judgment
• How does internal LOC relate to resistance to obedience?

  Internals feel responsible for their actions
• In Holland's Milgram replication, what percentage of internals resisted the highest shock level?

  37%
• In Holland's Milgram replication, what percentage of externals resisted the highest shock level?

  23%
• According to Rotter, when does LOC mainly affect behavior?

  In new situations
• Why might someone conform or obey even with a high internal LOC?

  Due to past experiences
• What does "resistance to social influence" refer to?

  The ability to withstand social pressure
• In Asch's conformity experiments, what percentage of participants resisted group pressure?

  25%
• In Milgram's obedience experiments, what percentage of participants refused to administer shocks up to 450V?

  35%
• In the Milgram variation study, at which voltage did the first confederate refuse to continue administering shocks?

  150V
• How does social support explain resistance to social influence?

  • The presence of others who resist conformity or obedience can help individuals do the same.
  • Resistance to Conformity: A non-conformist ally breaks group unanimity, reducing conformity.
  • Resistance to Obedience: A disobedient role model challenges the legitimacy of authority.
• How does a non-conformist ally influence resistance to conformity?

  Breaks group unanimity, reducing conformity
• In the Milgram variation study, at which voltage did the second confederate refuse to continue administering shocks?

  210V
• What is 'group unanimity' in the context of conformity?

  Agreement among all group members
• How does a disobedient role model influence resistance to obedience?

  Challenges the legitimacy of authority
• In a Milgram variation, with disobedient peers, what did obedience drop to?

  10%
• Besides social support and LOC, what is another personality factor that may influence resistance to social influence?

  Authoritarian Personality
• In a Milgram variation, disobedient peers refused at what voltages?

  150V & 210V
• In an Asch variation, what did conformity reduce to when breaking unanimity?

  5.5%
• What is a limitation of social support as an explanation for resistance?

  Doesn't fully explain resistance; personality factors matter
• Who proposed the concept of Locus of Control (LOC) in 1966?

  Rotter
• What do individuals with an internal locus of control believe?

  They control their actions
• What do individuals with an external locus of control believe?

  External forces shape their lives
• How does internal LOC relate to resistance to conformity?

  Internals trust their own judgement
• How does internal LOC relate to resistance to obedience?

  Internals feel responsible for actions
• In Holland's Milgram replication study, what percentage of internals resisted the highest shock level?

  37%
• In Holland's Milgram replication study, what percentage of externals resisted the highest shock level?

  23%
• According to Rotter, when does LOC mainly affect behavior?

  In new situations