The Multi-Store Model of Memory

Cards (34)

  • According to Atkinson & Shiffrin, what are the three main memory stores?
    Sensory Register, Short-Term Memory, Long-Term Memory
  • What are the key features used to describe memory stores?
    • Coding: The format in which information is stored.
    • Capacity: The amount of information that can be held.
    • Duration: How long information can be retained.
  • What kind of coding does the Sensory Register use?
    Modality-specific
  • Which store is used for visual information in the sensory register?
    Iconic store
  • Which store is used for auditory information in the sensory register?
    Echoic store
  • What is the capacity of the Sensory Register?
    Very large (almost unlimited)
  • How long does information last in the Sensory Register?
    Very short (about 250 ms)
  • What kind of coding does Short-Term Memory use?
    Acoustically (based on sound)
  • According to Miller, what is the capacity of Short-Term Memory?
    7±2 items
  • What technique improves STM capacity?
    Chunking
  • How long does information typically last in Short-Term Memory?
    18-30 seconds
  • How can information be kept longer in Short-Term Memory?
    Extended by verbal rehearsal
  • What kind of coding does Long-Term Memory use?
    Semantically (meaning)
  • What is the capacity of Long-Term Memory?
    Potentially unlimited
  • How long does information last in Long-Term Memory?
    Potentially unlimited
  • What type of memories does LTM contain?
    Can recall childhood memories
  • Summarise the coding, capacity, and duration of the Sensory Register?
    • Coding: Modality-Specific
    • Capacity: Unlimited
    • Duration: 250 ms
  • Summarise the coding, capacity, and duration of STM?
    • Coding: Acoustically
    • Capacity: 7±2 items
    • Duration: 18-30 seconds
  • Summarise the coding, capacity, and duration of LTM?
    • Coding: Semantically
    • Capacity: Unlimited
    • Duration: Forever
  • What did Glanzer & Cunitz's research on recall demonstrate?
    Separate STM and LTM stores
  • What effects did Glanzer & Cunitz find in recall?
    Primacy and recency effects
  • What did Sperling's experiment demonstrate?
    Sensory register's large capacity
  • What did Baddeley's research on coding find?
    STM coding is acoustic, LTM coding is semantic
  • What did Jacobs' study demonstrate?
    STM capacity is 7±2 items
  • What did Peterson & Peterson's study demonstrate?
    STM duration is 18-30 seconds
  • What did Wagenaar's study demonstrate?
    LTM's large capacity and durability
  • What did Bahrick's study on recalling school friends indicate about LTM?
    LTM can last a lifetime
  • What do experimental studies offer to the study of memory structures?
    Insights into memory structures
  • Why does sensory register's large capacity match evolutionary theory?
    Because it allows for quick assessment of environment
  • What is a limitation of artificial experiments?
    Lack ecological validity
  • What does the Working Memory Model suggest about STM and LTM?
    Not unitary stores
  • What model does the Working Memory Model challenge?
    MSM's simplicity
  • Who proposed the multi-store model of memory?
    Atkinson & Shiffrin
  • How is the duration of information in STM extended?
    Verbal rehearsal