Types of Attachment (Ainsworth)

Cards (56)

  • On whose work did Ainsworth build her attachment theory?
    Bowlby
  • What behaviour does the Strange Situation assess by observing how close the child stays to the mother?
    Proximity-seeking
  • What is being tested when the Strange Situation observes the child using the mother as a base?
    Exploration/safe base
  • Which behavior in the Strange Situation is tested by observing the child's distress around unfamiliar people?
    Stranger anxiety
  • Which of Ainsworth's measures looks at distress when the mother leaves?
    Separation anxiety
  • What behaviour is measured by observing the child's reaction when reunited with the mother?
    Reunion response
  • What is assessed by observing the caregiver’s sensitivity to the infant’s needs?
    Sensitive responsiveness
  • Which attachment type is characterized by low stranger/separation anxiety and avoidance of the mother?
    Insecure-avoidant (Type A)
  • What is the caregiving style typically associated with insecure-avoidant attachment?
    Little sensitive responsiveness
  • Which attachment type describes a child who uses the mother as a secure base and shows moderate anxiety?
    Secure (Type B)
  • What characterises the reunion behaviour of securely attached children in the Strange Situation?
    Happy reunion
  • What caregiving style is associated with secure attachment?
    Consistent sensitive responsiveness
  • Which attachment type is characterised by high anxiety and clinging behaviour?
    Insecure-resistant (Type C)
  • Which of Ainsworth's attachment types resists comfort from the caregiver?
    Insecure-resistant (Type C)
  • What type of caregiving is associated with insecure-resistant attachment?
    Inconsistent sensitive responsiveness
  • How many infants were involved in the Strange Situation study?
    106
  • How long did each stage of the Strange Situation procedure last?
    3 minutes
  • Which stage of the Strange Situation tests exploration and safe base behaviours?
    Child explores
  • Which stage of the Strange Situation assesses the infant's reaction to being alone with a stranger?
    Caregiver leaves, child alone with stranger
  • Which stage of the Strange Situation assesses separation and stranger anxiety?
    Caregiver leaves, child alone with stranger
  • Which stage of the Strange Situation involves the caregiver returning and the stranger leaving?
    Caregiver returns, stranger leaves
  • Which stage of the Strange Situation tests reunion response?
    Caregiver returns, stranger leaves
  • Which stage of the Strange Situation assesses separation anxiety alone?
    Caregiver leaves child alone
  • Which stage of the Strange Situation involves the stranger returning to the child?
    Stranger returns
  • Which stage of the Strange Situation involves the caregiver returning after the child was alone with a stranger?
    Caregiver returns, stranger leaves
  • In Ainsworth’s original study, what percentage of infants were classified as secure (Type B)?
    66%
  • What percentage of infants were classified as insecure-avoidant (Type A) in Ainsworth’s study?
    22%
  • In Ainsworth’s Strange Situation study, what percentage of infants were classified as insecure-resistant (Type C)?
    12%
  • According to Ainsworth's findings, what caregiver behaviour is linked to secure attachment?
    High sensitive responsiveness
  • Why does the Strange Situation have high internal validity?
    Controlled setting
  • Why does the Strange Situation have high reliability?
    Clear behavioural categories
  • What kind of validity is supported by McCarthy's study on adult relationships?
    Predictive validity
  • According to McCarthy's study, what outcomes are predicted by secure attachment in infancy?
    Better social/emotional outcomes
  • Why might the Strange Situation have low ecological validity?
    Artificial lab setting
  • Why might the Strange Situation be culturally biased?
    Developed in the US
  • Why might the Strange Situation not apply to collectivist cultures?
    Independence or group caregiving is common
  • What type of study was conducted by van Ijzendoorn on cultural variations in attachment?
    Meta-analysis
  • How many studies were included in van Ijzendoorn's meta-analysis?
    32
  • Across how many countries did van Ijzendoorn conduct his meta-analysis?
    8
  • How many infants were included in van Ijzendoorn's meta-analysis?
    2000