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Paper 1
Attachment
Types of Attachment (Ainsworth)
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Cards (56)
On whose work did Ainsworth build her attachment theory?
Bowlby
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What behaviour does the Strange Situation assess by observing how close the child stays to the mother?
Proximity-seeking
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What is being tested when the Strange Situation observes the child using the mother as a base?
Exploration
/
safe base
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Which behavior in the Strange Situation is tested by observing the child's distress around unfamiliar people?
Stranger anxiety
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Which of Ainsworth's measures looks at distress when the mother leaves?
Separation anxiety
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What behaviour is measured by observing the child's reaction when reunited with the mother?
Reunion response
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What is assessed by observing the caregiver’s sensitivity to the infant’s needs?
Sensitive responsiveness
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Which attachment type is characterized by low stranger/separation anxiety and avoidance of the mother?
Insecure-avoidant
(
Type A
)
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What is the caregiving style typically associated with insecure-avoidant attachment?
Little
sensitive responsiveness
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Which attachment type describes a child who uses the mother as a secure base and shows moderate anxiety?
Secure
(
Type B
)
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What characterises the reunion behaviour of securely attached children in the Strange Situation?
Happy
reunion
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What caregiving style is associated with secure attachment?
Consistent
sensitive
responsiveness
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Which attachment type is characterised by high anxiety and clinging behaviour?
Insecure-resistant
(
Type C
)
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Which of Ainsworth's attachment types resists comfort from the caregiver?
Insecure-resistant
(
Type C
)
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What type of caregiving is associated with insecure-resistant attachment?
Inconsistent sensitive responsiveness
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How many infants were involved in the Strange Situation study?
106
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How long did each stage of the Strange Situation procedure last?
3 minutes
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Which stage of the Strange Situation tests exploration and safe base behaviours?
Child
explores
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Which stage of the Strange Situation assesses the infant's reaction to being alone with a stranger?
Caregiver
leaves
, child
alone
with stranger
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Which stage of the Strange Situation assesses separation and stranger anxiety?
Caregiver
leaves
, child
alone
with
stranger
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Which stage of the Strange Situation involves the caregiver returning and the stranger leaving?
Caregiver
returns
, stranger
leaves
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Which stage of the Strange Situation tests reunion response?
Caregiver
returns
, stranger
leaves
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Which stage of the Strange Situation assesses separation anxiety alone?
Caregiver leaves child
alone
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Which stage of the Strange Situation involves the stranger returning to the child?
Stranger
returns
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Which stage of the Strange Situation involves the caregiver returning after the child was alone with a stranger?
Caregiver
returns
, stranger
leaves
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In Ainsworth’s original study, what percentage of infants were classified as secure (Type B)?
66%
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What percentage of infants were classified as insecure-avoidant (Type A) in Ainsworth’s study?
22%
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In Ainsworth’s Strange Situation study, what percentage of infants were classified as insecure-resistant (Type C)?
12%
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According to Ainsworth's findings, what caregiver behaviour is linked to secure attachment?
High sensitive responsiveness
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Why does the Strange Situation have high internal validity?
Controlled setting
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Why does the Strange Situation have high reliability?
Clear
behavioural
categories
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What kind of validity is supported by McCarthy's study on adult relationships?
Predictive validity
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According to McCarthy's study, what outcomes are predicted by secure attachment in infancy?
Better
social
/
emotional
outcomes
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Why might the Strange Situation have low ecological validity?
Artificial
lab
setting
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Why might the Strange Situation be culturally biased?
Developed in the
US
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Why might the Strange Situation not apply to collectivist cultures?
Independence
or group caregiving is common
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What type of study was conducted by van Ijzendoorn on cultural variations in attachment?
Meta-analysis
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How many studies were included in van Ijzendoorn's meta-analysis?
32
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Across how many countries did van Ijzendoorn conduct his meta-analysis?
8
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How many infants were included in van Ijzendoorn's meta-analysis?
2000
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