Explanations of Attachment

• Who proposed the cupboard love theory of attachment?

  Dollard and Miller
• According to the cupboard love theory, why do infants become attached to their caregiver?

  They associate them with food
• In classical conditioning, what does UCS stand for?

  Unconditioned stimulus
• In classical conditioning, what does UCR stand for?

  Unconditioned response
• In classical conditioning terms, what initially is the mother to the infant?

  A neutral stimulus
• How does a neutral stimulus (NS) become a conditioned stimulus (CS) in classical conditioning?

  By being associated with the UCS (food)
• What does the mother elicit after becoming a conditioned stimulus?

  A conditioned pleasure response
• What type of reinforcement is demonstrated when a baby cries and the caregiver provides food, leading the baby to cry more?

  Positive reinforcement
• What type of reinforcement occurs when a baby's crying stops after being fed, leading the baby to cry more often to stop discomfort?

  Negative reinforcement
• According to the learning theory of attachment, what type of drive is attachment?

  A secondary drive
• How does hunger relate to attachment according to the learning theory?

  Hunger becomes generalized to the caregiver
• What is a strength of the cupboard love theory?

  Babies learn crying gets them food
• Which studies back up the principles of the learning theory of attachment?

  Pavlov and Skinner's studies
• Although hard to apply to humans, what characteristic of experiments supports the internal validity of the cupboard love theory?

  Controlled experiments
• What is a weakness of the cupboard love theory of attachment?

  It is reductionist
• What did Harlow's research on monkeys reveal about attachment?

  Monkeys preferred comfort over food
• What is one alternative theory that offers a more comprehensive explanation of attachment than the cupboard love theory?

  Bowlby’s evolutionary theory
• What are the initials of Bowlby's Monotropic Theory?

  ASCMI
• According to Bowlby's monotropic theory, why do infants have an innate drive to form a strong attachment?

  For survival
• According to Bowlby's theory, how does attachment increase survival chances?

  Provides safety, food, and warmth
• What are social releasers?

  Behaviors that attract caregivers
• Why are caregivers biologically programmed to respond to social releasers?

  To ensure infant survival
• What is the critical period for attachment formation according to Bowlby?

  30 months
• According to Bowlby, what happens if attachment does not form within the critical period?

  Permanent harm
• What is monotropy?

  One primary attachment
• What is the internal working model?

  Mental schema from primary attachment
• What does the internal working model influence?

  Future relationships
• What is a strength of Bowlby's monotropic theory?

  Inspired further research
• What practice is encouraged after birth due to practical applications of Bowlby's theory?

  Early physical contact
• Whose research on geese supports the idea of a sensitive period in humans?

  Lorenz's research
• What type of bias is present in Bowlby's theory?

  Alpha bias
• How does Bowlby's theory demonstrate alpha bias?

  Exaggerates gender differences
• Why does Bowlby's theory lack temporal validity?

  Pre-industrial gender roles
• What is an alternative explanation to Bowlby's theory?

  Behaviourist learning theory