Schaffer’s Stages of Attachment

• During which of Schaffer's stages do babies show no preference for caregivers?

  Asocial stage
• The asocial stage of attachment occurs during which age range?

  0-6 weeks
• In which of Schaffer's stages do babies show a preference for people over objects?

  Indiscriminate attachment
• During the indiscriminate attachment stage, do babies typically exhibit stranger anxiety?

  No
• At what stage does strong attachment to a primary caregiver develop, along with separation and stranger anxiety, according to Schaffer?

  Specific attachment
• What characterizes the specific attachment stage in terms of anxiety?

  Separation and stranger anxiety
• In which of Schaffer's stages does stranger anxiety typically decrease?

  Multiple attachment
• During which stage do infants begin to form secondary attachments with others?

  Multiple attachment
• What was the primary aim of Schaffer and Emerson’s study?

  Investigate attachment stages
• Where were the participants in Schaffer and Emerson's study from?

  Glasgow
• What type of families participated in Schaffer and Emerson's study?

  Working-class
• What were the two primary methods used by Schaffer and Emerson to collect data?

  Observations and interviews
• In Schaffer & Emerson’s study, how frequently were the participants observed and interviewed?

  Monthly
• In the Schaffer and Emerson study, what was the duration of the initial data collection period?

  First year
• How long after the initial data collection was the follow-up conducted in Schaffer and Emerson's study?

  18 months
• What type of anxiety was assessed in Schaffer and Emerson’s study?

  Stranger and separation anxiety
• What behavior defined stranger anxiety in Schaffer and Emerson's study?

  Discomfort with researcher
• What behavior defined separation anxiety in Schaffer and Emerson's study?

  Discomfort when caregiver leaves
• According to Schaffer and Emerson's findings, when did separation anxiety typically emerge?

  25-32 weeks
• According to Schaffer and Emerson, approximately how long after separation anxiety did stranger anxiety appear?

  A month later
• What percentage of infants had multiple attachments by 18 months in Schaffer and Emerson's study?

  87%
• In Schaffer and Emerson's study, what percentage of infants formed a primary attachment with their mother?

  65%
• According to research on the father's role, what percentage of infants have an attachment to their fathers by 18 months?

  75%
• How do fathers typically interact with their children, according to research?

  Encourage active play
• What type of behavior do fathers often stimulate in their children?

  Risk-taking
• Why is the fact that the study took place in participants' own homes considered a strength?

  High mundane realism
• What did Field's observation suggest about primary caregiver fathers?

  Sensitive behavior like mothers
• What does Verissimo's study suggest about father-infant attachment?

  Predicts social skills
• Why is the suggestion that mothers can't be replaced considered a weakness of attachment research?

  Socially sensitive
• What is one potential economic implication of equal paternity/maternity leave?

  Affect workforce
• How could equal paternity/maternity leave potentially address the gender pay gap?

  Help gender pay gap
• What age range does the specific attachment stage typically occur in?

  7-9 months
• The multiple attachment stage typically begins around what age?

  9-10 months