ELS

• Life Science or Biological Science is a collection of disciplines that tackles the structure and function of living things from the molecular level up to entire ecosystem.
• Theories on the origin of life include Panspermia Theory, Divine Creation Theory, and Abiogenesis Theory.
• Panspermia Theory states that the seed of life was present in meteors in space, these meteors landed on different planets but life only flourished on Earth.
• According to Panspermia Theory, the seed of life is amino acid, the building block of proteins.
• Evidences supporting Panspermia Theory include the ability of certain strains of bacteria to survive in space and the presence of amino acids in meteorites.
• There is only one type of cell involved in sexual reproduction.
• Duplicates of genetic material are involved in sexual reproduction.
• Sexual reproduction results in more genetic diversity than asexual reproduction due to the combination of traits from two parents.
• More organisms reproduce through sexual reproduction.
• Offspring of sexual reproduction grow in different environments.
• Offspring of sexual reproduction come from identical parents.
• The greatest benefit of sexual reproduction is its ability to produce genetically different offspring.
• Sexual reproduction is capable of reproducing by meiosis.
• Sexual reproduction has the ability to reproduce without a mate.
• Sexual reproduction is capable of producing offspring genetically identical to the parent.
• Divine Creation Theory is the account that life was created by a supernatural being.
• Abiogenesis Theory is a scientific theory that seeks to explain the processes by which the first life forms on Earth arose from inorganic substances.
• Characteristics of life include responding to their environment, growing and developing, being capable of reproduction, exhibiting metabolism, maintaining homeostasis, and being made up of cells.
• All living things are able to respond to stimuli in the external environment, for example, living things respond to changes in light, heat, sound, and chemical and mechanical contact.
• One essential characteristic of life is its ability to perpetuate itself and produce offspring.
• Defined as the sum total of all biochemical processes of an organism, metabolism is a process that lifeforms need to survive.
• Homeostasis is a complex process that helps regulate the organism’s metabolism.
• All lifeforms, in their most basic structure, are made of cells.
• Fragmentation is the separation of the parent cell into two new daughter cells.
• Binary Fission is the separation of the parent cell into two new daughter cells with the division and duplication of the parent’s genetic material into two parts, where each daughter cell receives one copy of its parent DNA.
• Euglena, Paramecium, and Amoeba are examples of organisms that undergo Binary Fission.
• Budding is a process where a new organism is developed from a small part of the parent’s body, and the bud which is formed detaches to develop into a organism.
• Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction by self-impregnation resulting in the production of a zygote from an unfertilized egg, also referred to as “virgin birth”.
• Zebra shark, Komodo dragon, Aphids, Wasp, and Bees are examples of organisms that undergo Parthenogenesis.
• Sexual Reproduction is the perpetuation of a new organism from two organisms with the use of gametes, where the male gametes (sperm cell) fuses with a female gamete (egg cell) to form a diploid cell called zygote containing two sets of chromosomes.
• During sexual reproduction, the genetic material contained in their chromosomes combine to produce genetically diverse offspring that is different from both parents.
• Oviparous animals lay eggs, while Viviparous animals give birth alive on their young.
• A hydra reproduces when an outgrowth, or bud, forms and continues to develop until it falls off of the parent, an example of Binary Fission.
• Bacteria reproduce through a process called budding.
• Asexual reproduction requires fewer parents than sexual reproduction.
• Sponges are simple animals that when crushed, their fragments can able to reproduce to another individual, an example of asexual reproduction.
• Biological systems in the study of life show the connections among living things and how they interact with each other and with their environment.
• Unifying themes in biology involve different disciplines connected to one another, such as structure and function, evolution and ecosystem.
• Living things work as a system, and cannot be separated from non-living things since they are both operating as a system.
• A system is an organized group of interacting parts, and a body system includes organs that interact.