Video version

• What is the focus of section 19 of the study material?

  Bacteria overview
• Which organism is discussed in this section?

  Actinomyces israeli
• What is the significance of the Hollywood set in the video?

  • Represents actinomyces
  • Actor's character helps remember actinomyces israeli
• What colors in the background help remember about actinomyces israeli?

  Purple and blue colors
• What does the tangled up cords symbolize in the video?

  Branching filamentous morphology of actinomyces
• What type of organism is actinomyces israeli?

  Gram-positive organism
• What does the gram stain of actinomyces show?

  Large colony with branching morphology
• What color do sulfur granules appear when examined grossly?

  Yellow
• What do sulfur granules appear as under a microscope?

  Blue or purple
• What are sulfur granules actually composed of?

  Calcium phosphate and mycelial fragments
• What is a mycelium?

  Vegetative part of bacteria
• What is the association of actinomyces with flora?

  • Part of normal oral flora
  • Found in reproductive and GI flora
• Where does actinomyces colonize?

  In the mouth
• What disease can actinomyces cause related to dental issues?

  Cervico-facial disease
• What can pulmonary actinomyces develop from?

  Aspiration
• What can actinomyces cause in the setting of an infected intrauterine device?

  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• What is the treatment for actinomyces?

  Penicillin
• What is the significance of the pennies in the video?

  They symbolize the treatment for actinomyces
• What is the clinical presentation of a cervicofacial abscess caused by actinomyces?

  • Chronic, slowly progressive mass
  • Non-tender mass near mandible
• What is the correct answer regarding the patient's condition in the review question?

  Causal organism is part of normal oral flora
• Why is option D incorrect regarding actinomyces staining?

  Actinomyces does not stain weakly acid fast
• How does nocardia differ from actinomyces in terms of staining?

  Nocardia stains weakly acid fast, actinomyces does not
• What are the key points to remember about actinomyces for step one?

  • Gram-positive, anaerobic organism
  • Branching filamentous morphology
  • Produces yellow sulfur granules
  • Part of normal oral flora
  • Causes cervico-facial disease and PID
  • Treated with penicillin
• Is actinomyces anaerobic or aerobic?

  Anaeorobic