PSG

• Hosen voluntarily restricts the amount of time he or she sleeps, often due to a busy lifestyle.
• These lifestyle choices result in EDS, with longer sleep periods on weekends or on vacations.
• Insomnia is a repeated difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, consolidation, or quality that occurs despite adequate time and opportunity for sleep and results in some form of daytime impairment.
• Insomnia can be defined as a complaint of a lack of sleep or of nonrestorative sleep.
• The most common grouping of insomnias relates to the underlying cause.
• Adjustment Insomnia, also known as transient insomnia or short-term insomnia, is extremely common, associated with a specific stressor, typically corrects itself when the stressor is corrected, and has a duration less than 3 months.
• Hyper somnias of central origin are characterized by daytime sleepiness and the cause of the primary symptom is not disturbed nocturnal sleep or misaligned circadian rhythms.
• Hyper somnia is defined as excessive sleepiness.
• Narcolepsy with Cataplexy is a type of hyper somnia of central origin.
• Narcolepsy is derived from the Greek words "narke" - numbness or stupor and "lepsis" - attack.
• Narcolepsy is characterized by sleep attacks.
• The narcolepsy tetrad includes excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations.
• Psychophysiological Insomnia must at least one month to classify, is caused by a learned response that teaches the person inflicted with the disorder to not fall asleep when planned, and has a duration at least 1 month.
• Paradoxical Insomnia, formerly termed sleep state misperception, is a patient complaining of insomnia without any actual evidence of insomnia, and will awaken with complaints of being awake all night when the technician was able to determine by viewing the EEGs that sleep was actually achieved.
• Idiopathic Insomnia is the most detrimental and debilitating form of insomnia, defined as “lifelong insomnia” first identified at infancy or early childhood and persists throughout the patient’s life.
• Insomnia Due to Mental Illness is caused by a diagnosed mental illness, and persists for at least one month, with common mental illnesses contributing to insomnia including depression or anxiety disorders.
• Central Apnea Syndromes: CSA Due to Medical Condition Not Cheyne Stokes are central respiratory events that occur as a secondary disorder.
• Central Apnea Syndromes: Central Sleep Apnea Due to Drug or Substance are central respiratory events that are secondary in nature.
• Primary Sleep Apnea of Infancy is a life-threatening disorder afflicting infants, characterized by long respiratory events, obstructive or central in nature, lasting at least 20 seconds.
• Obstructive Apnea Syndromes: Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Adult is one of the most common sleep disorders, characterized by a cessation of airflow for at least 10 seconds with continued respiratory effort.
• Obstructive Apnea Syndromes: Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Pediatric is more prevalent in infants and children who are obese, and those with Down’s syndrome, and can have lasting and severe effects which can inhibit both physical and mental growth.
• Sleep Related Hypoventilation/Hypoxemia Due to Pulmonary Parenchymal or Vascular Pathology is characterized by breathing difficulties related to lung diseases such as interstitial pneumonitis, or forms of pulmonary hypertension.
• Sleep Related Hypoventilation/Hypoxemia Due to Lower Airways Obstruction refers to obstruction in the airway below the laryngeal apparatus, determined by a PFT showing a VC ratio less than 80%.
• Sleep Related Hypoventilation/Hypoxemia Due to Neuromuscular and Chest Wall Disorders refers to patients who have DOB as a result of neuromuscular or chest wall disorders.
• Inadequate Sleep Hygiene refers to sleep hygiene habits that are bad for a person’s sleep or may cause a person to sleep poorly.
• Use of the bed for nonsleep activities is a common cause of insomnia.
• Inadequate Sleep Hygiene is a common cause of insomnia.
• Sleep Hygiene Tips include getting up at the same time every day, going to bed only when tired, establishing relaxing pre-sleep rituals, eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, avoiding caffeine for six hours before bedtime, avoiding alcohol, avoiding smoking, maintaining a regular schedule, and creating a clean, comfortable, relaxing environment in the bedroom.
• Behavioral Insomnia of Childhood, also known as limit-setting disorder, is comparable to inadequate sleep hygiene for children or infants.
• Insomnia Due to Drug or Substance is a form of insomnia secondary to substance abuse or withdrawal, including alcohol, hypnotic drugs, sedatives, stimulants, and opiates.
• Insomnia Due to Medical Condition can be caused by a very large number of medical conditions, either short-term or long term, and is more common in the elderly.
• Other Insomnia includes Insomnia Not Due To Substance or Known Physiological Condition and Physiological Insomnia, Unspecified, which are reserved for types of insomnia that cannot be categorized in one of the other types of insomnia listed.
• Sleep Related Breathing Disorders are divided into Central Breathing Disorders, characterized by lack of effort caused by either a central nervous disorder or a cardiac dysfunction, and Obstructive Respiratory Events, caused by some sort of obstruction usually in upper airway, and often associated with obesity, large tongue, tonsils, or adenoids, or inflamed airway.
• Central Apnea Syndromes include Primary Central Sleep Apnea, characterized by a repeated cessation of airflow and a concurrent cessation of respiratory effort, and Cheyne Stokes Breathing Pattern, which is similar to CSA in that the underlying cause is central, but the volume of breaths shows a distinct waning and waxing pattern.
• High-Altitude Periodic Breathing is characterized by central apneas and hypopneas occurring during a recent ascent to at least 4,000 meters or approx.
• Hypnagogic hallucinations are common in narcolepsy with cataplexy.
• Narcolepsy with cataplexy is characterized by frequent and often irresistible napping, automatic behavior, and excessive daytime sleepiness.
• Narcolepsy is primarily caused by a physiological or pathological abnormality.
• Another common symptom of narcolepsy is automatic behavior, characterized by the subconscious performance of activities.
• Excessive daytime sleepiness is a common symptom which can manifest itself in many ways.