Internal energy

• What concept relates internal energy to temperature?

  Specific heat capacity
• What is internal energy?

  Total energy stored by particles
• What are the two parts of internal energy?

  Potential energy stores and kinetic energy stores
• Which type of energy is important for temperature changes?

  Kinetic energy
• How does heating a substance affect its internal energy?

  It increases the kinetic energy of particles
• What does temperature measure?

  Average internal energy of a substance
• Why do some materials require more energy to increase their temperature?

  Due to their specific heat capacity
• How much energy does water require to warm by one degree Celsius?

  4200 joules
• How much energy does mercury require to warm by one degree Celsius?

  139 joules
• What is specific heat capacity?

  Energy needed to raise temperature of 1 kg
• What happens when 1 kg of water cools by one degree Celsius?

  It releases 4200 joules of energy
• What is the equation for change in internal energy?

  Change in internal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature
• How do you find the change in temperature using energy, mass, and specific heat capacity?

  Change in temperature = energy / (mass × specific heat capacity)
• What is the final temperature of the water after energy transfer?

  25.95 degrees Celsius
• Why might the temperature not increase as much in real life?

  Some energy is lost to surroundings
• What are the steps to calculate the final temperature of water after energy transfer?

  1. Identify initial temperature and energy transferred.
  2. Convert mass to kilograms if necessary.
  3. Use the equation:

  • Change in temperature = energy / (mass × specific heat capacity)

  1. Add the change in temperature to the initial temperature.
• What factors affect the specific heat capacity of a substance?

  • Type of material
  • Molecular structure
  • Bonding forces between particles