rates of reaction

• give 3 ways you can measure rate of reaction

  • changes in colour or turbidity
  • loss of mass
  • volume of gas produced
• what 2 things does a particle need, to collide?

  to be in the correct orientation

  have sufficient energy to break the bonds in the reactants
• define activation energy

  minimum energy required to break the bonds to start a reaction
• what is the species that exists at the top of the enthalpy diagram called?

  transition state/ activated complex

  has extra energy and is very unstable
• why does a small increase in temperature lead to a large increase rate of reaction?

  kinetic energy of particles increase so collision frequency increases

  many more particles have an energy greater than activation energy

  so there is a greater proportion of successful collisions
• an oxidising agent accepts electrons so is itself reduced
• a reducing agent gives electrons so is itself oxidsed