unit 5

• Sustainability

  ·      Process of people maintaining change in a homeostasis-balanced environment, in which the exploitation of resources, the direction of investments, the orientation of technological development, and institutional change are all in harmony and enhance both the current and future potential to meet human needs and aspirations
• Homeostasis

  •        Ability to maintain a relatively stable internal state that persists despite changes in the world outside.

  •        Any self-regulating process by which biological systems tend to maintain stability.

  •        Homeostasis can be threatened by stress
• Stress

  •        a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstance
• Pillars of Sustainability

  1.    Economic

  2.    Social

  3.    Environmental
• Environmental Sustainability

  •        Defined as responsible interaction with the environment to avoid depletion or degradation of natural resources and allow for long-term environmental quality.

  •        Responsibly interacting with the planet to maintain natural resources and avoid jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
• Social Sustainability

  •        The ability of a social system, such as a country, to function at a defined level of social well-being indefinitely.
• Economic Sustainability

  Refers to practices that support long-term economic growth without negatively impacting social, environmental, and cultural aspects of the community
• Sustainable Tourism

  •        travel designed to minimize the impact of humans on the places they visit, encourage protection of both cultural heritage and the environment and provide long-term, socially just economic opportunities for local residents.
• Nature Tourism

  •        Travel to different natural areas and experiencing its environment
• Ecotourism

  •        Responsible travel to natural areas that conserve the environment, sustains the well-being of the local people, and involves interpretation and education.
• Three Elements of Ecotourism

  1.             Presence of Natural Environment

  2.             Involvement of the Locals

  3.             Educating Visitors about the Area
• 1. Visitor Management

  •  refers to tracking the visitor usage of the destination by providing the management strategies to protect the environmental area and sustain the quality of experience by these visitors

  •  plays an essential role in protecting the ecological sustainability of protected areas, providing funding and business opportunities, and enabling visitors to obtain worthwhile experiences from their visit.
• Visitor Management Approaches

  •  Regulation

  •  Education for Visitors

  •  Research after allowing destinations operation to know visitors need
• Carrying Capacity

  •  Is the maximum number of people who can use a site without an unacceptable alteration in the physical environment & without an unacceptable decline in the quality of experience gained by visitors, adverse impact on the society, economy, & culture of the tourism area
• Carrying Capacity Analysis

  •  Is a basic technique in tourism & recreation planning to systematically determine the upper limits of development & visitor use & optimum utilization of tourism resources
• Measurement Criteria of Carrying Capacity

  In determination of carrying capacity, the two aspects to be considered are:
• -       Indigenous physical & socioeconomic environment

  Refers to the capacity that can be achieved without resulting in damage to the physical environment & generating sociocultural & economic problems to the local community & maintaining proper balance between development & conservation

   
• -       Tourism image & tourist product

  Refers to the capacity or number of visitors that are compatible with the image of the tourist product & the type of environmental & cultural experiences that the visitors are seeking.  When the area becomes saturated, the very attractions that visitors come to experience may be destroyed or degraded & the destination will declines in quality & popularity
• 1. Corporate Environmental Management

  •  Company's strategies to reduce the absolute or relative impact of a process or product on the environment

  •  It is widely recognized that firms, through better management practices, can play a major role in addressing many environmental problems.

  •  Companies have responsibilities to manage the effect of their operation on the environment in the most effective and efficient manner

  •  Many companies have taken steps to assess, monitor and report on their environmental performance to the public.
• Pressuring to Undertake CEM:

   • Customers

  •  Socially concerned investors

  •  Environmental groups

  •  Government

  •  National organizations
• Environmental Policies

   • Defined as a government's chosen course of action or plan to address issues such as pollution, wildlife protection, land use, energy production and use, waste generation, and waste disposal.

  •  Examples of environmental laws in the Philippines: Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Ecological Solid Waste Management Act