nervous system

• The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.
• The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.
• There are three types of neurons: sensory neurons, which receive stimuli from the environment; interneurons, which process and integrate information within the CNS; and motor neurons, which send commands to effector organs such as muscles and glands.
• Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical impulses throughout the nervous system.
• The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that connect to other parts of the body, including sensory neurons (which carry information from receptors to the CNS) and motor neurons (which carry signals from the CNS to muscles or glands).
• The spinal cord transmits signals between the brain and other parts of the body.
• The hypothalamus helps with autonomic nervous center functions, body temperature, metabolism, water balance, and serves as a link between the endocrine and nervous systems.
• The brain is the control center of the body, responsible for processing information from sensory organs and coordinating responses.
• The somatic nervous system carries messages between the CNS and skeletal muscle cells.
• The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing.
• The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that connect to other parts of the body, including sensory neurons (which carry information from receptors to the CNS) and motor neurons (which carry signals from the CNS to muscles).
• Synapse is the point at which two neurons meet
• Neurons communicate with one another through synapses, specialized junctions where neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft.
• The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is composed of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
• Sensory neurons detect changes in the external environment and relay this information to the CNS through action potentials.
• Nerves are bundles of nerve fibers that transmit electrical impulses throughout the body.
• Glial cells support and protect neurons by providing nutrients, removing waste products, and insulating nerve fibers.
• Axon hillock is the region on the cell body that initiates action potentials
• The medulla oblongata controls vital life-supporting activities like breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing, vomiting, sneezing, coughing, and digestion.
• The medulla oblongata controls vital functions like breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing, vomiting, sneezing, coughing, and digestion.
• The medulla oblongata controls vital life-supporting activities like breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing, vomiting, sneezing, coughing, and digestion.
• The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements and maintains posture and balance.
• The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres, each containing four lobes: frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe.
• The cerebellum coordinates muscle activity involved in posture, balance, and fine movements.
• The parasympathetic division helps restore normal bodily function after arousal by the sympathetic division.
• The cerebrum is responsible for higher mental processes like thinking, learning, memory, speech, emotion, and voluntary movement.
• The sympathetic division prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses during stressful situations.
• cranial nerves
• nervous tissue consists of neurons (nerve cells) and neuroglia (supporting cells)
• spinal cord
• peripheral nerves
• neuroglia - supporting cells of the nervous system
• neuron - cell that transmits nerve impulses
• Neurons are specialized to receive, conduct, and transmit electrical signals called action potentials.
• the brainstem connects to the spinal cord at the medulla oblongata
• cerebellum - coordinates muscle activity involved in posture, balance, and fine motor movements
• the brainstem connects to the spinal cord at the level of the first lumbar vertebrae
• diencephalon - includes thalamus and hypothalamus; regulates homeostasis and controls sleep-wake cycle
• the pons relays sensory information from the face and motor signals to the facial muscles
• the medulla oblongata controls vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, swallowing, vomiting, sneezing, coughing, hiccupping, and reflexes