types of ltm

• Who developed the different types of ltm?

  Tulving - criticised MSM as being reductionist of ltm
• What are the types of ltm according to Tulving?

  Explicit:

  • Episodic
  • Semantic

  Implicit:

  • Procedural
• Outline episodic ltm

  Autobiographical record of personal events/experiences

  • Easiest to remember as linked to senses so triggered by cues
  • Different parts of memory are located in different parts of the brain but connected by hippocampus
  • Have to consciously recall memory
  • Time-stamped - remember exactly when the event occurred

  Example: birthdays/prom/wedding
• Outline semantic ltm

  Contains all the knowledge an individual has learnt

  • Not time-stamped
  • Linked to episodic as learning new knowledge from experiences
  • Consciously recalled to enable us to produce/understand language

  Example: facts/concepts/meanings
• Outline procedural ltm

  Ability to automatically perform learned tasks with little conscious thought

  • Difficult to explain
  • Important for daily functioning - cognitive/motor skills

  Example: tying shoe lace/swimming/fears(classically conditioned)
• What is the research to support procedural stm?

  Shyder

  Tested experienced typists to recall the position of letters on a keyboard without moving hands

  57% accuracy

  • Procedural intact in the absence of semantic/implicit in the absence of explicit
• Outline the Clive Wearing case study

  Semantic memory - definitions/concepts (e.g, what coffee is) + love for his wife

  Procedural - singing/conducting/instruments/tell time/speaking

  Episodic - none

  • Supports existence of types of ltm