interference

• What is the term for interference that disrupts recall of another memory?

  Active interference
• Who identified retroactive interference effects?

  George Miller
• What is a common way to test retroactive interference (RI) and proactive interference (PI)?

  Using forgetting in terms of one memory
• What was the test for the RI theory conducted by Miller and his student?

  Using word pairs with common associates
• What did participants learn in Miller's test?

  A list of nonsense syllables
• What was the retention interval in Miller's test?

  After 6 minutes of learning
• What was the conclusion regarding proactive interference (PI)?

  Performance was less good with intervening tasks
• What does proactive interference (PI) refer to?

  Past learning interferes with current attempts
• What is retroactive interference (RI)?

  Current attempts interfere with past learning
• What did Benton Underwood show in his study?

  PI could be equally significant as RI
• What was Underwood's test for PI?

  Learning a series of word lists
• What did McDonald (1931) investigate in his study?

  The effects of similarity of materials
• What was the design of McDonald's experiment?

  Players learned lists of words during a rugby season
• What did the results of McDonald's study show?

  Players who missed games forgot more
• What does decay theory suggest about forgetting?

  Time alone causes forgetting
• What did Baddeley and Hitch find regarding interference in everyday life?

  Interference significantly affects recall
• What is the general meaning of forgetting in psychology?

  Loss of ability to recall learned information
• How is forgetting in STM or LTM often explained?

  In terms of trace decay
• What does trace decay suggest about memory codes?

  Memory codes can disappear over time
• What happens to memory codes created in the brain?

  They can disappear if not reinforced