misleading info

• What are the three stages of memory?

  Encoding, retention, retrieval
• What is eyewitness testimony?

  Evidence provided in court by witnesses
• What does the witness do during the encoding stage?

  Encodes information into long-term memory
• What factors can affect the accuracy of eyewitness testimony?

  Witness factors and event factors
• What is a leading question?

  A question suggesting a desired answer
• How can misleading information affect a witness's memory?

  It can alter or contaminate their memory
• What is post-event discussion?

  A conversation after a crime occurs
• What was the aim of Loftus and Palmer's study?

  To investigate the accuracy of eyewitness memory
• What did Loftus and Palmer's first experiment involve?

  Showing a film of a car accident
• How did the wording of questions affect speed estimates in Loftus and Palmer's study?

  Different verbs influenced participants' estimates
• What was the critical question in Loftus and Palmer's first experiment?

  About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other?
• What did Loftus and Palmer find regarding broken glass?

  Participants who heard "smashed" were more likely to recall broken glass
• What is the significance of repeat interviewing according to Loftus?

  It may alter the eyewitness's recollection
• Who is Elizabeth Loftus?

  A researcher studying eyewitness memory
• What did Loftus's research reveal about leading questions?

  They can change the actual memory of events
• What is the conformity effect in eyewitness testimony?

  Co-witnesses may influence each other's memories
• What did the study by Gabbert et al. (2003) demonstrate?

  Discussion can lead to false memories
• What is a real-world application of Loftus's research?

  It warns the justice system about eyewitness reliability
• What did Wells and Olson (2003) find about eyewitness identification?

  It is a significant factor in wrongful convictions
• What did Foster et al. (1994) discover about eyewitnesses' perceptions?

  Witnesses are more accurate when they believe it's real
• What was the Oklahoma bombing?

  A significant crime in US history
• How does Loftus's research impact the legal field?

  It highlights issues with eyewitness identification