the frustration - aggression hypothesis

• Who argued that aggression is the result of frustration?

  Donald et al. (1939)
• What did Berkowitz (1989) argue about frustration?

  Frustration is one of many unpleasant experiences
• What does frustration lead to according to Berkowitz?

  Arousal of aggressive urges
• What do negative feelings in an individual lead to?

  Aggressive behavior
• What increases frustration according to the study?

  Strong motivation to achieve a goal
• What is experienced as an unpleasant experience?

  Anything that interferes with reaching a goal
• What did Brown et al. (2001) find regarding frustration?

  Increase in hostile attitudes towards French
• What was the cause of passengers' frustration in Brown et al.'s study?

  Blocked ferry by protesting fishermen
• What is less important than the resulting effect of frustration?

  The nature of the frustrating event
• What does Pastore (1952) distinguish between?

  Justified and unjustified frustration
• What produces negative affect according to the frustration experience?

  Unjustified frustration
• What type of frustration is more likely to provoke aggression?

  Unanticipated interference
• What does the frustration-aggression hypothesis state?

  Frustration leads to a drive to be aggressive
• What do social learning theorists argue about aggression?

  Aggression is sometimes displaced from frustration
• What is the 'kicking the dog' effect?

  Displacing aggression onto someone else
• What does frustration produce according to the study?

  Generalized arousal
• How does social learning influence behavior according to the study?

  Arousal influences behavior response