Reproduction

• What is sexual reproduction?

  Type of reproduction involving gametes
• How are gametes formed in sexual reproduction?

  By meiosis
• What happens when gametes from each parent fuse?

  A zygote is formed
• What is unique about the resulting zygote in sexual reproduction?

  It has mixed genetic information
• What are gametes?

  Sex cells like sperm and egg cells
• What is the chromosome number of gametes?

  Haploid, half the number of chromosomes
• What is meiosis?

  Cell division for gamete formation
• What is the result of meiosis?

  Non-identical haploid cells
• How many divisions occur in meiosis?

  Two divisions
• What must occur before meiosis?

  Interphase for genetic information copying
• What happens during the first stage of meiosis?

  Chromosome pairs line up and separate
• What is the outcome of the first stage of meiosis?

  Chromosome number is halved
• What happens during the second stage of meiosis?

  Chromatids separate to opposite poles
• How many unique haploid gametes are produced in meiosis?

  Four unique haploid gametes
• Why is meiosis important for sexual reproduction?

  It increases genetic variation
• What does meiosis ensure about the zygote formed at fertilization?

  It is diploid
• What occurs during fertilization?

  Gametes join to restore chromosome number
• What happens after fertilization?

  The new cell divides by mitosis
• What occurs as the embryo develops?

  Cells differentiate
• What is the advantage of sexual reproduction?

  It creates genetic variation in offspring
• How does sexual reproduction affect species survival?

  Increases adaptation to environmental changes
• How can natural selection be influenced by humans?

  Through selective breeding for food production
• What is a disadvantage of sexual reproduction?

  Requires two parents
• Why is requiring two parents a disadvantage?

  It complicates reproduction in endangered populations
• What is another disadvantage of sexual reproduction?

  More time and energy required
• How does sexual reproduction affect offspring numbers?

  Fewer offspring are produced
• What is asexual reproduction?

  Type of reproduction involving mitosis only
• What is the outcome of asexual reproduction?

  Produces genetically identical offspring
• What is an advantage of asexual reproduction?

  Only one parent is required
• How quickly can offspring be produced in asexual reproduction?

  Lots of offspring in a short time
• How does asexual reproduction affect competition?

  Reduces competition from other species
• What is another advantage of asexual reproduction?

  Requires less energy and time
• What is the disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

  No genetic variation
• How does lack of genetic variation affect species?

  Reduces adaptation to environmental change
• Where do malarial parasites reproduce sexually?

  In the mosquito
• Where do malarial parasites reproduce asexually?

  In the human host
• How do fungi reproduce asexually?

  By spores
• Why do fungi reproduce sexually?

  To give variation
• How do plants reproduce sexually?

  To produce seeds
• How do plants reproduce asexually?

  By runners or bulb division