Directional and Non-Directional Hypotheses

• What is a non-directional hypothesis?

  It predicts a relationship without direction.
• How does a hypothesis guide research?

  It predicts cause-and-effect relationships
• What is a hypothesis?

  A testable statement predicting variable relationships
• What role does a hypothesis play in determining cause-and-effect?

  It helps identify relationships between factors
• What is a key characteristic of non-directional hypotheses compared to previous research?

  They are used when previous research is unclear.
• When should a directional hypothesis be used?

  When previous research suggests direction
• When is a non-directional hypothesis appropriate to use?

  When direction is unknown or uncertain
• What does a non-directional hypothesis indicate about two variables?

  It indicates an association between the variables.
• What is the significance of indicating how much one variable will change in a directional hypothesis?

  It provides clarity on the expected relationship
• What is a directional hypothesis?

  It predicts the exact relationship
• How does a directional hypothesis differ from a general hypothesis?

  It specifies the direction of variable changes
• What is a directional hypothesis?

  A specific statement predicting variable relationships
• What is the difference between directional and non-directional hypotheses?

  • Directional hypotheses specify the direction of the relationship.
  • Non-directional hypotheses state that a relationship exists without indicating its direction.
• When are non-directional hypotheses typically used?

  When the direction of the relationship is uncertain.
• What does the directional hypothesis "Students who study longer will score higher on tests" imply?

  Longer study time improves test scores
• What are the key characteristics of a directional hypothesis?

  • Predicts specific relationships between variables
  • Indicates the direction of change (increase or decrease)
  • Specifies the expected magnitude of change
• How do non-directional hypotheses differ from directional hypotheses?

  Non-directional hypotheses do not specify direction.
• What are the key differences between directional and non-directional hypotheses?

  • Directional specifies the exact relationship
  • Non-directional states a general relationship
  • Directional is more specific and stronger
  • Non-directional is broader and less precise
  • Directional used when previous research suggests direction
  • Non-directional used when direction is unknown
• What is a non-directional hypothesis?

  It only states a general relationship
• How does a directional hypothesis differ in certainty compared to a non-directional hypothesis?

  Directional is more specific and stronger