de-individuation

• What is the psychological state of de-individuation?

  It is a state of reduced self-awareness.
• Why do people normally refrain from acting aggressively?

  Due to social norms inhibiting such behavior.
• What did Zimbardo et al.'s Stanford prison study find about guards?

  Guards acted aggressively when de-individualized.
• How did wearing mirrored sunglasses affect guards in the study?

  It increased their de-individualization state.
• What effect does being in a large group have on behavior?

  It gives people a cloak of anonymity.
• What does anonymity in a crowd lead to?

  It diminishes personal consequences for actions.
• What are factors that contribute to de-individualization?

  Reducing inner restraints and increasing anonymity.
• How does wearing a uniform affect de-individualization?

  It increases feelings of anonymity.
• What conditions increase anonymity and de-individualization?

  • Wearing uniforms or disguises
  • Being in large groups
  • Altered consciousness
• What was the procedure in Zimbardo's 1969 study?

  Groups of students gave electric shocks.
• What did Cannavale et al. (1970) find about gender differences in de-individuation?

  Male and female responses differed under de-individuation.
• How did males and females respond to aggression in the study?

  Males showed more aggression than females.
• What might explain the gender differences in aggression under de-individuation?

  Males respond more extremely than females.
• How did participants believe they were administering shocks in the study?

  They believed they were shocking a victim.
• How long did male participants hold down the shock button?

  Twice as long as female participants.
• What was the effect of de-individualization on identifiable participants?

  It magnified their aggressive tendencies.