Deuterostome Animals #1

• Deuterostome animals are also Eucoelomate, Triploblastic, Bilaterally symmetrical, and have a true body cavity which also serves as a digestive cavity.
• Like protostome animals, deuterostome animals have indeterminate cell lines during early cleavage, meaning the fate of each embryonic cell is not determined early.
• If one individual cell from the embryo can develop into a completely new embryo, this is known as identical twinning.
• Deuterostome animals undergo spiral cleavage, where planes of cell division are diagonal to the vertical axis of the embryo.
• Protostomes and Deuterostomes differ in development in terms of determinate cell lines, where the fate of each embryonic cell is determined early, and indeterminate cell lines, where cells during early cleavage are not yet determined to be a specific line of cells.
• Deuterostomes are distinguished from protostomes via differences in embryological development, including radial instead of spiral cleavage, indeterminate instead of determinate cleavage, and the anus forms first from the blastopore.
• Deuterostomes are divided into two groups: Enchinoderms and Chordates, which includes humans.
• Echinoderms, as adults, are radially symmetrical and their larval forms are bilaterally symmetrical.
• Most Echinoderms have “spines” extending from their body, which are projections of their internal endoskeleton, not bone, it’s calcium carbonate.
• Echino means “spiny” and Derm means “skin”.
• Echinoderms have a water-vascular system, a series of internal water-filled canals that end in structures called tube feet, used for movement.
• The Phylum Echinodermata is represented by the common name Echinoderms, which includes Sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers.
• Squids undergo Deuterostomal development, have a brain, and are in the Phylum Mollusca.