How moments work ?

• How does a longer spanner affect its use?

  It is easier to use than a short spanner
• What is a moment?

  The rotational effect of a force
• What happens when a force is applied to a spanner?

  It turns around the pivot point
• What is the pivot in the context of a moment?

  The central point around which it turns
• How is the size of a moment calculated?

  Moment = force × distance
• What is the importance of perpendicular distance in calculating moments?

  It maximizes the moment's effectiveness
• What does "perpendicular" mean in this context?

  At right angles to the force direction
• If a force is applied at an angle, how does it affect the moment?

  The moment created will be smaller
• What moment is generated by an 80 newton force applied 20 centimeters from the pivot?

  16 newton meters
• How do you convert 20 centimeters to meters?

  0.2 meters
• What force is needed to generate a moment of 16 newton meters at 0.1 meters from the pivot?

  160 newtons
• Why is a larger force needed when applied closer to the pivot?

  To achieve the same turning effect
• What happens when multiple moments act on the same object?

  They can balance each other out
• What direction do we refer to moments in?

  Clockwise or anti-clockwise
• How do you calculate the total movement of a seesaw?

  By comparing clockwise and anti-clockwise moments
• How far from the pivot must an 800 newton force be to balance a seesaw with a 1200 newton meter moment?

  1.5 meters
• What must the total anti-clockwise moment equal for the seesaw to balance?

  It must equal the total clockwise moment
• What are the key concepts related to moments in physics?

  • Moment: rotational effect of a force
  • Pivot: central point of rotation
  • Moment calculation: Moment = force × distance
  • Importance of perpendicular distance
  • Balancing moments: clockwise vs anti-clockwise
• What is a moment in physics?

  The turning effect of a force
• How is the moment calculated?

  Moment equals force times distance
• What is the principle of levers?

  • Transmit the turning effect of a force
  • Input force creates an output force
• What happens to input and output forces on different sides of the pivot?

  They act in different directions
• What happens to input and output forces on the same side of the pivot?

  They act in the same direction
• Where is the output force generally located in relation to the pivot?

  Closer to the pivot than the input force
• What is the advantage of using levers?

  To get a large output force with a small input force
• What is the weight of a rock with a mass of 200 kg?

  1960 newtons downwards
• How do you calculate the moment of the rock's weight?

  Moment = 1960 times 0.4
• What is the moment of the rock's weight if the distance is 0.4 m?

  784 newton meters
• What type of moment is created by the rock's weight around the pivot?

  Anti-clockwise moment
• What must be generated to lift the rock?

  A clockwise moment greater than 784 N·m
• If a person can produce a 400 N force, how far from the pivot must they push?

  More than 1.96 meters
• What is the role of gears in a system?

  To transmit turning effects
• What happens when gear A rotates?

  Gear B rotates as well
• How do the directions of gears A and B relate?

  They turn in opposite directions
• How does the radius of gear B compare to gear A?

  Gear B's radius is two times larger
• What effect does the size difference of gears have?

  Gear B has a larger turning effect
• How many times must gear A rotate for each rotation of gear B?

  Two times
• What remains constant despite the gear size difference?

  The total work done remains the same
• What are the key points about levers and gears?

  Levers:

  • Transmit turning effects
  • Input and output forces can act differently
  • Output force is closer to pivot

  
  

  Gears:

  • Transmit turning effects
  • Rotate in opposite directions
  • Size affects turning effect