reversible reactions

• What are the products of a reversible reaction?

  They can react to produce original reactants
• What are reversible reactions?

  Reactions where products can form reactants again
• How can reversible reactions be represented?

  A + B ⇌ C + D
• What does the symbol ⇌ indicate?

  It shows a reversible reaction
• What direction does the forward reaction go?

  To the right
• What direction does the backward reaction go?

  To the left
• How can the proportions of reactants and products be changed?

  By altering the reaction conditions
• What is ammonium chloride's physical state?

  White solid
• What happens to ammonium chloride when heated?

  It breaks down into ammonia and hydrogen chloride
• What is the balanced equation for the breakdown of ammonium chloride?

  NH4Cl(s) ⇌ NH3(g) + HCl(g)
• What is the energy change in reversible reactions?

  Exothermic in one direction, endothermic in the other
• What happens to hydrated copper sulfate when heated?

  It loses water and becomes anhydrous
• What is blue copper sulfate described as?

  Hydrated
• What is the reversible reaction for copper sulfate?

  CuSO4.5H2O(s) ⇌ CuSO4(s) + 5H2O(l)
• What is the forward reaction of copper sulfate?

  Endothermic
• What is the reverse reaction of copper sulfate?

  Exothermic
• What is dynamic equilibrium?

  Forward and backward reactions occur at the same rate
• What remains constant at equilibrium?

  Concentrations of all reacting substances
• What is the equilibrium position?

  Measure of concentrations at equilibrium
• What is the forward reaction in the Haber process?

  N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)
• What is the equilibrium position if N2 and H2 concentrations are greater than NH3?

  To the left
• What is the equilibrium position if NH3 concentration is greater?

  To the right
• How can the equilibrium position be changed?

  By changing reaction conditions
• What happens if the temperature is increased in an exothermic reaction?

  Equilibrium moves in the endothermic direction
• What is the effect of increasing pressure in a gas reaction?

  Equilibrium moves to the fewest molecules
• What is the effect of increasing temperature in the Haber process?

  Less ammonia will be produced
• What happens if the concentration of a reactant is increased?

  Equilibrium moves away from that reactant
• What happens if a product is removed from a reaction?

  Equilibrium moves to the right to produce more
• What is the reversible reaction for bismuth chloride and water?

  BiCl3(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ BiOCl(s) + 2HCl(aq)
• What happens when hydrochloric acid concentration is increased?

  Equilibrium moves to the left
• What is the effect of changing temperature on equilibrium?

  It moves in the direction to counteract the change
• What is the effect of changing pressure on equilibrium?

  It moves towards the side with fewer gas molecules
• What is the effect of changing concentration on equilibrium?

  It moves away from the increased concentration
• What is the effect of removing a product on equilibrium?

  It moves to the right to produce more
• What is the balanced equation for the breakdown of ammonium chloride?

  NH4Cl(s) ⇌ NH3(g) + HCl(g)
• What specific details of the Haber process need to be known for AQA GCSE Chemistry?

  How ammonia is made using the Haber process
• What is required for AQA GCSE Combined Science regarding the Haber process?

  Understanding general principles of equilibrium