Ch 13 APUSH terms!

• Sectional Conflict

  The tension between the north and south between 1840 and 1861
• Free Soil Movement


  This was the idea that slavery should be allowed to exist where it already did, but should not be allowed to expand into the new territories, mainly to preserve this land for the white man.
• Popular Sovereignty


  This is the idea that whoever lives in the territory should get to vote for whether the territory becomes slave or free.
• Compromise of 1850


  This was negotiated to keep the peace, and included items like the addition of California as a free state and the abolition of the slave trade in Washington DC
• Fugitive Slave Law


  These said the North had to give escaped slaves back to the South and was a major issue of debate during the Compromise of 1850.
• Personal Liberty Laws


  These were laws passed by the North to help counter the fugitive slave act. They included things like allowing jury trials for escaped slaves and forbidding state authorities from helping capture runaways.
• Steven Douglas


  He was the Democrat that ran against Lincoln in the Senate race for Illinois in 1858. Lincoln actually lost, but gained notoriety. He also advocated for the transcontinental railroad to end up in Chicago.
• Underground Railroad


  This was a network of secret routes and safe houses used by slaves in efforts to escape to free states with the aid of abolitionists who were sympathetic to their cause.
• Uncle Tom's Cabin


  This anti slavery novel depicted the life of a slave. It created very strong sentiments against slavery, as well as those opposing it, in defense of slavery. There is a rumor that when Lincoln met the author he said, "So this is the little lady that start this great war."
• The Impending Crisis of the South


  This was written by Hinton Helper. He argued that slavery hurt the non-slave holding whites the most by using data and statistics. The book was banned in the South.
• Whigs

  supported the Wilmot Proviso with Northern Democrats on the position that all African Americans (slave and free) should be excluded from Mexican Cession
• Kansas-Nebraska Act


  This proposal for popular sovereignty was made by Stephen Douglas in 1854, effectively nullified the Compromise of 1820, thus increasing sectional tension.
• "Bleeding Kansas"


  This was when Kansas saw a series of protests and "massacres" when they were voting on whether Kansas should become a free or slave state. People came to Kansas from both sides to vote, and "shed blood".
• Caning of Sumner 


  In May 1856 Charles Sumner gave a speech openly attacking Andrew Butler of South Carolina. Preston Brooks, the nephew of Butler attacked Sumner with a cane two days later while Sumner was working at his desk. Northeners were horrified. Southeners rejoiced.
• Gag Rule


  A strict rule passed by pro-southern Congressmen in 1836 to prohibit all discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives
• Republican Party


  This new party of Lincoln in the late 1850s that opposed further extension of slavery but did not want to emancipate slaves in the south.
• Lecompton Constitution


  This is the pro slavery document that applied for the admission of Kansas into the Union as a slave state.
• Dred Scott v. Stanford 


  This 1857 court case effectively made slavery legal in all the territories. This was based on the idea that slaves were property and thus, property could not be taken from a person and, as property, did not have the right to sue. This made northerners very upset.
• John Brown


  He was an extreme abolitionist and led a series of violent attacks, in Virginia and Kansas. He eventually was killed. He became a martyr for the cause, but also incited southerners that all abolitionist were as extreme as he was. Well, maybe his sons were....
• Harper's Ferry


  This raid on arsenal in Virginia by John Brown led to his death, and did not achieve its goal of a slave revolt.
• Fredrick Douglass


  Leading free black abolitionist and publisher of the North Star
• Election of 1860


  Lincoln became President in this election and led to the succession of the South.
• Crittenden Compromise


  A last-ditch effort to resolve the secession crisis by compromise. It proposed to bar the government from intervening in the states' decision of slavery, to restore the Missouri Compromise, and to guarantee protection of slavery below the line. Lincoln rejected the proposal, causing the gateway to bloodshed to be open.
• Harriet Beecher Stowe


  Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin
• Pottawatomie Massacre


  John Brown led his son's and other to kill some pro-slavery supporters in this "death of at least five people"