history (scramble for Africa)

• what is conolism?

  the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country
• occuping it with ...?

  settlers, and exploiting it economically.
• There were numerous large and sophisticated African empires who were they? give 3 examples

  Ghana, Mali, Great Zimbabwe, Mapungubwe, Zulus
• significant links with...?

  Arab traders across the Sahara Desert

  in the North as well as across the Indian Ocean in the East.
• By 1900 European countries took over most of Africa. in 20 years what happened to africa?


  divided into colonies.
• BERLIN CONFERENCE 1884 - European interest in Africa began when major social problems developed in Europe. what were they?


  unemployment, poverty, homelessness, social shift
• Europe saw the colonisation of Africa as an opportunity to acquire viable resources, prestige and wealth. give 3 examples at least of what they were?

  (Gold, diamonds, copper, cotton, cocoa, tea, cayenne, palm

  oil) and people so they could become more powerful.
• there was increased trade between Europe and Africa - There was also

  growing competition amongst the major European powers at the time. what were the countires?

  Germany, France , Britain and Belgium
• in a simple summary explain what the Berlin conference is?


  There was concern that the competition could potentially lead to an outbreak of

  war between these European nations and so a conference was called in order to

  discuss ways of dividing up Africa peacefully by the leader of Germany at the time,

  Bismarck
• what happened after the conference? what led to he scramble of africa?

  there was more competition to take over parts of Africa.
• what were 2 results of the Berlin conference ?

  European countries grabbed parts of Africa quickly

  The rights of the people were take away
• what were the 2 countries in africa that were to colonised ? and what year did all of Africa get conlised besides the 2?

  Ethiopia & Liberia
• What were 5 examples of what caused the colonisation?

  colonisers could sell products

  Europe could get raw materials

  Europe could get mineral wealth

  Investors could make money in Africa

  Colonies could provide food and space
• what are the 3 main colonisation effects?

  politically , economically and culturally.
• choose one of the colinsation effects and describe it?

  Politically – Africans no longer ruled themselves. Laws were passed in order to

  keep Africans inferior.

  Economically – Africans lost land they had used for generations. They were unable

  to sustain themselves and so had to work for Europeans in order to buy food and pay

  taxes. Africans started buying manufactured goods from Europe instead of

  continuing to make their own.

  Culturally - African indigenous knowledge was ignored and African art etc was

  seen as inferior to European ways.
• 3 things europeans brought?

  -European language and generally did not learn to speak African languages.

  -European style buildings and architecture.

  -Western medicine, education and technology.
• In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, European countries took over most ofAfrica. Only Ethiopia and Liberia were still independent...Why?

  Liberia was mainly a country for freed slaves who wanted to return to Africa –Americans never allowed it to be colonized – and it didn’t have the raw materials that were needed. Ethiopia had a great army that defeated Italians who attempted to colonise.
• the main colonial powers. name the 2 countires?

  France and Britian
• Why European powers were able

  to colonise Africa so quickly?

  Better transport made colonisation possible , Better weapons made colonisation possible,Divisions in African society
• What arrow the 3 results of colonisation ?

  Political results of colonisation , Economic results and Cultural results of colonisation economic results - how the colonies made profits for Europe and Cultural results of colonisation - how ways of living and thinking changed:
• for each colonisation results explain briefly what they are?

  Political results of colonisation

  Economic results - how the colonies made profits for Europe

  Cultural results of colonisation
• IMPERIALISM

  what is it?

  a policy of extending a country's power and influence through

  colonization use of military force, or other means. It is the seizure of a country

  or by a stronger country.
• Many nations looked to Africa as?

  a source of raw materials and as a market for

  industrial products.
• Forces that drove imperialism?


  The Industrial Revolution in particular provided European countries with a reason to add lands to their control. As European nations industrialized, they searched for new markets and raw materials to improve their economies.
• what did the Europeans believe about themselves?

  they were better than other people.( The belief that

  one race is superior to others is called racism.) The attitude was reflection of Social Darwinism, a social theory of the time.
• Some of the internal factors that contributed to the imperialism in Africa

  were what?

  different languages, customs and culture among Africans, preventing them to

  unite, and also tribal wars over land, water, and trade rights.
• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

  what is it?


  transition from creating goods

  by hand to using machines. It was a fundamental change in the

  way goods were produced, from human labour to machines
• when did industrial revolution take place?

  1750
• what is agriculture revolution ?

  new farming techniques, led to a burgeoning population in

  Europe. (Remember – better farming = larger population)
• were did the industrial revolution start ?

  Britain until it spread Across the globe through new innovations

  such as the steam engine, railways and telegraphs.
• WHY DID THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION START IN BRITAIN?

  large coal and iron reserves.
• what did the British use their coal for and when?

  British people started using coal for their stoves in the late 17th

  century because of a shortage of firewood.
• who is Thomas Newcome?


  he built an enormous low pressure steam engine

  to pump out the water.
• This set the stage for more improvements,high pressure steam engine. (Horse power)?

  James Watts
• where did most people live in Britain? and what did they do there?

  lived in the countryside or in small villages (urban) . They usually grew food on small strips of land and kept a few animals.
• what is Cottage Industries?

  People made goods ( such as cloth) by

  hand, in their homes or in small workshops.
• why couldn't people transport?

  expensive, and so many people spent their whole lives in the

  villages where they were born.
• What was the economy like before the Industrial Revolution ?

  The cottage industry was developed to take advantage of the farmers' free time

  and use it to produce quality textiles for a reasonable price

  Manufactured goods came from small workshops and most machinery was

  powered by animals, wind, water or human labour

  Manufacturing was often done in people's homes and people used hand tools or

  basic machines. There was a limited power supply, so manufacturing processes

  did not happen in large workshops.
• what was the impact after the slave trade?

  Many merchants in Britain became very wealthy because of the Atlantic slavetrade. They made profits by bringing raw materials produced by slaves, such as sugar and cotton to Britain. They used this money to build factories and made new machinery. Wealth from the slave trade was one of the causes of the Industrial Revolution in Britain..
• where when and what did the euaropens plant ?

  planting sugar in the West Indies by the late 17th

  century(1670’s).By the 19th century, Haiti and other islands in the region were the main producers of sugar.