Age

• What are the social groups linked with religiosity?

  Age, gender, ethnicity, and class
• What is the general pattern of religious service attendance by age?

  Older individuals attend more religious services
• What is the exception to the trend of older individuals attending religious services?

  Those under 15 are taken by parents
• What is the trend in church attendance for age groups under 65?

  There is an ongoing fall in attendance
• By how much is the attendance of 15-19 year olds projected to fall by 2025?

  By half
• What percentage of English churches have no one under 20 attending?

  Half of all English churches
• Why are older individuals less likely to attend church?

  They are more likely to be ill or disabled
• What does Heelas (2005) suggest about older people's religiosity?

  They become more religious due to aging effect
• In how many countries were older generations found to be more religious than the young in 2004?

  76 out of 84 countries
• What concerns do older people have as they approach death?

  Spiritual matters and the afterlife
• What does the Kendal Project evidence suggest about spirituality and age?

  Most engaged in holistic milieu are older
• What do some sociologists argue about age and New Age movements?

  Age has little impact on NAM engagement
• How might life events affect religiosity?

  Having children may increase religious involvement
• Why do under 15s attend religious services regularly?

  Due to parental influence
• What happens to young people's church attendance as they grow older?

  It decreases as they gain choice
• What do Voas and Crockett (2005) argue about religiousness over time?

  Little evidence of increased religiosity over time
• What is the 'generational effect' according to Voas and Crockett?

  Each generation is less religious than the last
• What do Voas and Crockett suggest about older people's church attendance?

  They continue traditions from their youth
• What does post-modernism allow individuals to do regarding religion?

  Choose personal beliefs and practices
• What is the main reason young people are less religious according to Voas and Crockett?

  Secularisation is the main reason
• How much less religious is each succeeding generation compared to the previous?

  Only half as many are religious
• What do Arweck and Beckford (2013) argue about religious socialisation?

  It virtually collapsed after the 1960s
• What was the enrollment rate of traditional Sunday schools in the 1950s?

  One-third of all 14 year olds
• Why might young people join New Religious Movements (NRMs)?

  They align with moral and ethical issues
• What is the chance of raising a churchgoing adult if both parents share the same faith?

  50% chance
• What happens to the chance of raising a churchgoing adult if parents have different faiths?

  It falls to 25%
• What did Burkimsher (2008) find about the generational effect?

  Recent generations are less religious globally
• What percentage of churchgoers were over 65 in 2015?

  One in three churchgoers
• What is predicted for practicing Christians in the UK population?

  They will become a small, old minority
• Where is increased religiosity among the young observed?

  In Eastern Europe and Africa
• What has caused young people to lose faith in modern science?

  Awareness of nuclear power and war effects
• How are young people's expressions of spirituality changing?

  They are changing how they express beliefs
• What are the reasons for differences in religiosity levels between age groups?

  • Older people become more religious due to aging effect
  • Young people are less religious due to generational effect
  • Life events influence religious participation
  • Parental influence affects children's attendance
• What factors contribute to the decline of traditional religion among young people?

  • Secularisation and generational effect
  • Virtual collapse of religious socialisation
  • Preference for New Age beliefs
  • Individual choice in spiritual practices
• How does age alone explain differences in religiosity?

  • Older generations are generally more religious
  • Young people often reject traditional beliefs
  • Age does not account for gender, class, or ethnicity
  • Need to consider broader social influences
• What are the implications of the generational effect on future religiosity?

  • Decline in church attendance among youth
  • Aging population of churchgoers
  • Potential for religious minority status
  • Variability in religiosity across different regions