Change

• What are the two perspectives on religion's role in society discussed?

  Conservative force and force for social change
• How does religion function as a conservative force?

  • Defends traditional beliefs and customs
  • Opposes societal changes for personal freedom
  • Preserves the status quo and stabilizes society
• What does the Catholic Church forbid based on its beliefs?

  Abortion and artificial contraception
• Why does the Catholic Church oppose gay marriage?

  It violates divine 'Natural Law'
• What traditional belief is upheld in the Church of England marriage ceremony?

  Man as head of the family
• What does Hinduism endorse regarding family values?

  Male domestic authority and arranged marriages
• What significant change occurred in the Church of England in 2015?

  Consecration of the first female Bishop
• How does the Anglican Church view homosexuality?

  Adopts a 'wait and see' attitude
• What do Functionalists, Marxists, and Feminists agree on regarding religion?

  It contributes to the stability of society
• How do Functionalists view the role of religion?

  As a means to maintain social solidarity
• How do Marxists perceive religion's role in society?

  As an ideology supporting the powerful
• What is the Marxist view of religion's effect on the working class?

  Creates false class consciousness
• What does Weber argue about Calvinism's role in capitalism?

  It helped bring about social change
• What is 'the spirit of capitalism' according to Weber?

  A rational pursuit of profit for its own sake
• What are the three specific Calvinist beliefs identified by Weber?

  Predestination, asceticism, and a calling
• What does 'predestination' mean in Calvinism?

  God predetermined who will be saved
• What is asceticism in the context of Calvinism?

  Practicing self-denial and self-discipline
• What does 'a calling' refer to in Weber's view of Calvinism?

  Work as a religious duty to serve God
• How did Calvinists contribute to the development of capitalism?

  Accumulated wealth and reinvested profits
• What psychological function did wealth serve for Calvinists?

  Indicated acceptance by God as 'the elect'
• What do Neo-Marxists believe about religion's role in social change?

  It can oppose ruling class ideology
• What did Weber acknowledge about the emergence of capitalism?

  Material and economic factors were necessary
• What criticism does Kautsky have of Weber's view on religion and capitalism?

  He overestimates religion's role in capitalism
• Who was a leading figure in the black civil rights movement?

  1. Martin Luther King
• How did churches support the civil rights movement?

  Provided meeting places and sanctuary
• What role did shared Christian values play in the civil rights movement?

  Shamed white opposition into changing laws
• What does Bruce say about the New Christian Right's goals?

  They aim to restore traditional Christian morality
• Why did the New Christian Right fail to achieve its aims?

  Lacked widespread support from society
• What do Functionalists argue about religion's role in society?

  It creates a collective consciousness