Nervous system (2)

• What is the most complex system in the body?

  The human nervous system
• What is the primary function of the human nervous system?

  Production and induction of electrical impulses
• How does the nervous system help us interact with our environment?

  It allows us to receive stimuli and process information
• What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

  • Central Nervous System (CNS)
  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
• What does the Central Nervous System consist of?

  Brain and spinal cord
• What is the role of the Peripheral Nervous System?

  Conducts impulses to and from the CNS
• What are the two divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System?

  • Sensory Division
  • Motor Division
• What does the Autonomic Nervous System control?

  Involuntary movements
• What does the Somatic Nervous System control?

  Voluntary movement via skeletal system
• What is the function of the Sympathetic Nervous System?

  Initiates "fight or flight" response
• What does the Parasympathetic Nervous System do?

  Conserves energy and promotes relaxation
• What are the three main parts of a neuron?

  1. Cell body (Perikaryon)
  2. Dendrites
  3. Axon
• What is the role of the cell body in a neuron?

  It serves as the synthetic center for the neuron
• What do dendrites do?

  Receive stimuli from other neurons
• What is the function of an axon?

  Conducts nerve impulses to other cells
• What are the types of axons based on their characteristics?

  1. Type I - Long and thick, myelinated
  2. Type II - Intermediate, myelinated
  3. Type III - Short and thin, unmyelinated
• What is a Nissl body?

  Modified ribosomes for neurotransmitter production
• What is the function of the myelin sheath?

  Increases speed of conduction of impulses
• What are the Nodes of Ranvier?

  Gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon
• What are the types of neurons based on morphology?

  1. Unipolar Neuron
  2. Bipolar Neuron
  3. Multipolar Neuron
• What characterizes a unipolar neuron?

  Single process bifurcates near the perikaryon
• What is a bipolar neuron?

  One dendrite and one axon
• What is a multipolar neuron?

  Several dendrites and one axon
• What are the types of neurons based on function?

  1. Sensory Neurons (Afferent)
  2. Motor Neurons (Efferent)
  3. Interneurons (Association Neurons)
• What do sensory neurons do?

  Transmit impulses towards the CNS
• What is the role of motor neurons?

  Transmit impulses from the CNS to effectors
• What are interneurons responsible for?

  Integrate sensory information and elicit motor responses
• What are neuroglial cells responsible for?

  • Support and protect neurons
  • Not capable of conducting impulses
• What are the six types of glial cells based on their location?

  1. CNS Glial
  2. Astrocytes
  3. Ependymal cells
  4. Microglia
  5. Oligodendroglia
  6. PNS Glial
  7. Schwann cells
  8. Satellite cells
• What are astrocytes?

  Most numerous glial cells in the brain
• What are the two types of astrocytes?

  Protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes
• What do ependymal cells do?

  Line cerebral ventricles and produce CSF
• What is the function of microglia?

  Engulf infectious agents and harmful substances
• What do oligodendrocytes do?

  Myelinate and insulate CNS axons
• What are Schwann cells?

  Myelinate PNS axons and support them
• What do satellite cells do?

  Insulate and nourish PNS cell bodies