the role of hormones

• What are hormones produced by in the human body?

  Glands
• How do hormones differ from neurotransmitters?

  Hormones are released into the bloodstream
• What are the four main hormones mentioned?

  • Adrenaline
  • Cortisol
  • Oxytocin
• What is adrenaline responsible for?

  Fight or flight response
• What is cortisol known as?

  Stress hormone
• What is serotonin commonly referred to as?

  Happy hormone
• What is oxytocin known as?

  Love hormone
• Where is adrenaline produced?

  Adrenal glands
• Where is cortisol produced?

  Adrenal glands
• Where is testosterone produced in males?

  Testicles
• Where is testosterone produced in females?

  Ovaries
• Where is oxytocin produced?

  Pituitary gland
• What is aggression associated with in terms of hormone levels?

  High testosterone and adrenaline, low cortisol and serotonin
• How do high levels of testosterone and adrenaline affect aggression?

  They are associated with increased aggression
• What hormone levels are associated with lower aggression?

  Low cortisol
• How much higher are testosterone levels in males compared to females?

  10-20 times higher
• What is the basal model of aggression?

  Testosterone causes aggressive dominant behavior
• What did Missouri Booth (1998) find about men with high testosterone levels?

  They were more likely to get arrested
• What behavior was associated with high testosterone levels according to Mazzur Booth (1998)?

  Using weapons in a fight
• What is the reciprocal model of aggression?

  Aggressive behavior causes testosterone levels to rise
• What did Mazur Booth find about testosterone levels across the lifespan?

  They vary according to environmental status
• How do low levels of testosterone in the womb affect brain development?

  They may lead to more aggressive behavior in adulthood
• What brain structure is mentioned as being affected by testosterone levels?

  The amygdala
• What was the finding of Hawke in 1951 regarding castration of sex offenders?

  Castration removed aggression and sex drive
• In what year did Hawke conduct his study on sex offenders?

  1951
• What might be a potential implication of low testosterone levels during fetal development?

  Increased aggression in adult behavior
• What is the relationship between testosterone levels and aggression according to the study?

  Low testosterone may increase aggression levels
• evaluation applications

  strengths- castration is a possible voluntary treatment for violence/sexual behaviour may be effective

  weakneses- ethical issues around social control e.g. Alan Turing
• strengths and shortcomings evaluation

  strengths-scientifically it's a strength because it's possible to measure hormone/testosterone levels objectively and studied its effect in a controlled lab experiment with animals and humans

  Weakness – it's deterministic it's just that behaviour such aggression is in our nature and therefore we do not have free will it removes agency? The only way to reduce his behaviours is to remove responsibility
• alternative theories

  The hormonal explanation of behaviour is reductionist because they oversimplifies the fact is that determine how we behave including the situation that we are in ignores other biological factors that genes brain structure and evolution