Nucleotides and nucleic acids

Created by

Alice

Cards (21)

What are nucleotides? 
The monomers that makes up polynucleotides: consists of a pentose sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous organic base.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic Acid
What are the monomers of DNA and RNA? 
Nucleotides
What are the three general components of a nucleotide?
Pentose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
What are the four organic bases that occur in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
What are the four organic bases that occur in RNA?
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil
What type of bond is formed by the condensation of two nucleotides?
Phosphodiester bond
What shape is a DNA molecule?
Double-stranded Helix
Which bonds keep the DNA strands together? 
Hydrogen bonds (between the complementary base pairs)
Describe the structure of an RNA molecule?
Relatively short polynucleotide chain, single stranded
Which base is complementary to Adenine in DNA?
Thymine
Which base is complementary to Cytosine in DNA?
Guanine
Which base is complementary to Uracil?
Adenine
What is the first stage of semi-conservative DNA replication?
Unwinding the double helix
What is the role of DNA helicase in DNA replication?
Unwinds the double helix and breaks hydrogen bonds between the base pairs
What happens at the exposed bases on the template strand of DNA?
Free complementary DNA nucleotides are attracted
What is the role of DNA polymerase?
Joins adjacent nucleotides by condensation reactions to form a new sugar-phosphate backbone
Which two scientists were credited for the discovery of the DNA model?
James Watson and Francis Crick
Why was there doubt over DNA being the genetic information?
DNA seemed too simple
What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA is a long, double-strand; RNA is a shorter, single-stranded molecule. DNA has a Thymine base, whereas RNA has Uracil.DNA has deoxyribose sugar whereas RNA has ribose.