HYDROLYSIS OF HALOGENALKANES

• NAME OF COMPOUND WITH 6 CARBONS IN A RING AND THREE DOUBLE BONDS?

  benzene
• WHAT IS A HALOGENALKANE?

  alkane where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogens
• GENERAL FORMULA OF HALOGENALKANES?

  CnH(2n+1)X
• WHAT ARE THE THREE CLASSIFICATIONS OF HALOGENALKANES?

  primary, secondary, tertiary
• PRIMARY CLASSIFICATION?

  when carbon to which X group is attached is bonded to one other carbon atom
• SECONDARY CLASSIFICATION?

  when carbon atom to which X group is attached is bonded to two other carbon atoms
• TERTIARY CLASSIFICATION?

  when carbon atom to which X group is attached is bonded to three other carbon atoms
• EXAMPLE OF A PRIMARY HALOGENALKANE?

  1-bromopropane
• EXAMPLE OF A SECONDARY HALOGENALKANE?

  2-bromopropane
• EXAMPLE OF A TERTIARY HALOGENALKANE?

  2-chloro-2-methylpropane
• ARE HALOGENALKANES SOLUBLE IN WATER?

  no
• WHY ARE HALOGENALKANES INSOLUBLE IN WATER?

  polarity of C-X bond not large enough
• WHAT TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR FORCES ARE FOUND BETWEEN HALOGENALKANES?

  van der Waals and dipole-dipole attractions
• WHAT CAN HALOGENALKANES BE SOLUBLE IN?

  some organic solvents
• WHAT HAPPENS TO HALOGENALKANES' BOILING POINTS WITH INCREASING CARBON CHAIN LENGTH?

  increases
• WHAT HAPPENS TO HALOGENALKANES' BOILING POINTS WITH GOING DOWN THE GROUP?

  increases
• WHY DO HALOGENALKANES' BOILING POINT INCREASE WITH INCREASING CARBON CHAIN LENGTH?

  increase in van der Waals forces
• WHY DO HALOGENALKANES' BOILING POINTS INCREASE DOWN THE GROUP?

  increase in electrons, increase in dispersion forces
• WHY DO TERTIARY HALOGENALKANES HAVE A LOWER BOILING POINT?

  branched, cannot pack closely together (do not have many contact points with neighbouring molecules)
• WHAT HAS HIGHER BOILING POINTS HALOGENALKANES OR ALKANES?

  halogenalkanes
• WHY DO HALOGENALKANES HAVE A HIGHER BOILING POINT THAN ALKANES?

  higher relative molecular masses and polarity
• WHY ARE HALOGENALKANES MORE REACTIVE THAN ALKANES?

  polarity
• WHY ARE C-H BONDS POLAR?

  large difference in electronegativity
• IN WHAT DOES HYDROLYSIS OF HALOALKANES TAKE PLACE IN?

  reflux
• WHAT DOES THE REFLUX ALLOW FOR?

  heat reaction mixture without evaporating it
• WHAT SOLUTION IS USED TO HYDROLYSE HALOALKANES?

  silver nitrate solution
• WHAT SPECIAL FEATURE DOES A REFULX CONTAIN?

  anti-bumping granules
• WHAT ARE THE CONDITIONS OF NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION USING NaOH OR KCN?

  aqueous, warm, ethanoic
• WHAT ARE THE CONDITIONS OF NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION WITH NH3?

  aqueous, ethanoic, at pressure (in a sealed container)
• CONDITIONS OF ELIMINATION (NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION)?

  KOH, ethanoic, hot
• IF WHAT TYPE OF PROTEIN IS SEEN IT IS MORE LIKELY TO BE AN ELIMINATION REACTION?

  tertiary
• WHAT IS FORMED IN ELIMINATION?

  alkenes